{"id":1188240,"date":"2025-01-15T20:14:54","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T12:14:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1188240.html"},"modified":"2025-01-15T20:14:56","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T12:14:56","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%ae%bf%e9%97%ae%e6%8a%93%e5%88%b0%e7%9a%84url","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1188240.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u6293\u5230\u7684url"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u6293\u5230\u7684url\"<\/p>\n

Python\u8bbf\u95ee\u6293\u5230\u7684URL\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u3001urllib\u5e93\u3001BeautifulSoup\u5e93\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\uff1arequests\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684HTTP\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8fdb\u884cHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u4f7f\u7528urllib\u5e93\uff1aurllib\u5e93\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884cURL\u5904\u7406\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u5e93\uff1aBeautifulSoup\u5e93\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u548cXML\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0erequests\u5e93\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u4e0b\u9762\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u6293\u5230\u7684URL\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u8bbf\u95eeURL<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

    requests\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\u7684HTTP\u5e93\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684API\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8fdb\u884cGET\u3001POST\u7b49HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \u5b89\u88c5requests\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

    \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5requests\u5e93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    pip install requests<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import requests<\/p>\n
    url = 'https:\/\/example.com'<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
    print(response.status_code)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n
    print(response.text)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528requests.get<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u4e86\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61response<\/code>\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7response.status_code<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7response.text<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u6709\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests.post<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import requests<\/p>\n
    url = 'https:\/\/example.com\/login'<\/p>\n
    data = {'username': 'user', 'password': 'pass'}<\/p>\n
    response = requests.post(url, data=data)<\/p>\n
    print(response.status_code)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n
    print(response.json())  # \u8f93\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5047\u8bbe\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u662fJSON\u683c\u5f0f\uff09<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528requests.post<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u4f20\u9012\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u5b57\u5178data<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u6709\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528headers<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import requests<\/p>\n
    url = 'https:\/\/example.com'<\/p>\n
    headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla\/5.0'}<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)<\/p>\n
    print(response.status_code)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n
    print(response.text)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86User-Agent<\/code>\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\uff0c\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528urllib\u5e93\u8bbf\u95eeURL<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    urllib\u5e93\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884cURL\u5904\u7406\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import urllib.request<\/p>\n
    url = 'https:\/\/example.com'<\/p>\n
    response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)<\/p>\n
    print(response.status)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n
    print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))  # \u8f93\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528urllib.request.urlopen<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u4e86\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61response<\/code>\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7response.status<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7response.read().decode('utf-8')<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528urllib.request.Request<\/code>\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import urllib.request<\/p>\n
    import urllib.parse<\/p>\n
    url = 'https:\/\/example.com\/login'<\/p>\n
    data = {'username': 'user', 'password': 'pass'}<\/p>\n
    data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data).encode('utf-8')<\/p>\n
    request = urllib.request.Request(url, data=data)<\/p>\n
    response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)<\/p>\n
    print(response.status)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n
    print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))  # \u8f93\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528urllib.parse.urlencode<\/code>\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aRequest<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528urllib.request.urlopen<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u5e93\u89e3\u6790HTML<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    BeautifulSoup\u5e93\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u548cXML\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0erequests\u5e93\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5b89\u88c5BeautifulSoup\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5BeautifulSoup\u5e93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    pip install beautifulsoup4<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u89e3\u6790HTML\u6587\u6863<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import requests<\/p>\n
    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
    url = 'https:\/\/example.com'<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
    soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
    print(soup.title)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u9875\u9762\u6807\u9898<\/p>\n
    print(soup.find_all('a'))  # \u8f93\u51fa\u9875\u9762\u6240\u6709\u94fe\u63a5<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u83b7\u53d6\u9875\u9762\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u5e93\u89e3\u6790HTML\u6587\u6863\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7soup.title<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6\u9875\u9762\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7soup.find_all('a')<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6\u9875\u9762\u6240\u6709\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5904\u7406HTTP\u9519\u8bef<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528try-except<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u5904\u7406HTTP\u9519\u8bef\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import requests<\/p>\n
    from requests.exceptions import HTTPError<\/p>\n
    url = 'https:\/\/example.com'<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
        response.rAI<\/a>se_for_status()<\/p>\n
    except HTTPError as http_err:<\/p>\n
        print(f'HTTP error occurred: {http_err}')  # \u8f93\u51faHTTP\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n
    except Exception as err:<\/p>\n
        print(f'Other error occurred: {err}')  # \u8f93\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n
    else:<\/p>\n
        print('Success!')  # \u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528response.raise_for_status<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751fHTTP\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528try-except<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5904\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u9519\u8bef<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528try-except<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u5904\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u9519\u8bef\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import requests<\/p>\n
    from requests.exceptions import ConnectionError<\/p>\n
    url = 'https:\/\/example.com'<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
    except ConnectionError as conn_err:<\/p>\n
        print(f'Connection error occurred: {conn_err}')  # \u8f93\u51fa\u8fde\u63a5\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n
    except Exception as err:<\/p>\n
        print(f'Other error occurred: {err}')  # \u8f93\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n
    else:<\/p>\n
        print('Success!')  # \u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528try-except<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u6709\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528proxies<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import requests<\/p>\n
    url = 'https:\/\/example.com'<\/p>\n
    proxies = {<\/p>\n
        'http': 'http:\/\/10.10.1.10:3128',<\/p>\n
        'https': 'http:\/\/10.10.1.10:1080',<\/p>\n
    }<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get(url, proxies=proxies)<\/p>\n
    print(response.status_code)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n
    print(response.text)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86HTTP\u548cHTTPS\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528requests.get<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u516d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u6301\u767b\u5f55\u72b6\u6001<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u6709\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u767b\u5f55\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u529f\u80fd\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import requests<\/p>\n
    login_url = 'https:\/\/example.com\/login'<\/p>\n
    data = {'username': 'user', 'password': 'pass'}<\/p>\n
    session = requests.Session()<\/p>\n
    session.post(login_url, data=data)<\/p>\n
    url = 'https:\/\/example.com\/profile'<\/p>\n
    response = session.get(url)<\/p>\n
    print(response.status_code)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n
    print(response.text)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bf9\u8c61session<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528session.post<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528session.get<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u9700\u8981\u767b\u5f55\u624d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9875\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e03\u3001\u5904\u7406Cookies<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u6709\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406Cookies\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u7684cookies\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import requests<\/p>\n
    url = 'https:\/\/example.com'<\/p>\n
    cookies = {'session_id': '123456'}<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies)<\/p>\n
    print(response.status_code)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n
    print(response.text)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86Cookies\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528requests.get<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u516b\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u65f6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u6709\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528timeout<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import requests<\/p>\n
    url = 'https:\/\/example.com'<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        response = requests.get(url, timeout=5)  # \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d85\u65f6\u4e3a5\u79d2<\/p>\n
        print(response.status_code)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n
        print(response.text)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
    except requests.exceptions.Timeout:<\/p>\n
        print('Request timed out')  # \u8f93\u51fa\u8d85\u65f6\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u65f6\u4e3a5\u79d2\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528try-except<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u8d85\u65f6\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e5d\u3001\u5904\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u6709\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528allow_redirects<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import requests<\/p>\n
    url = 'https:\/\/example.com'<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get(url, allow_redirects=False)  # \u7981\u7528\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/p>\n
    print(response.status_code)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n
    print(response.headers.get('Location'))  # \u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7981\u7528\u4e86\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u83b7\u53d6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5341\u3001\u4e0a\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u6709\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u4e0a\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528files<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import requests<\/p>\n
    url = 'https:\/\/example.com\/upload'<\/p>\n
    files = {'file': open('example.txt', 'rb')}<\/p>\n
    response = requests.post(url, files=files)<\/p>\n
    print(response.status_code)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n
    print(response.text)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528files<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u4e0a\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528requests.post<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e86Python\u5982\u4f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u6293\u5230\u7684URL\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u3001urllib\u5e93\u548cBeautifulSoup\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u89e3\u6790HTML\u6587\u6863\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u3001\u4fdd\u6301\u767b\u5f55\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u5904\u7406Cookies\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u65f6\u3001\u5904\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u548c\u4e0a\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ea7\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
     \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u8981\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a  <\/p>\n
    import requests\n\nurl = 'http:\/\/example.com'\nresponse = requests.get(url)\n\nif response.status_code == 200:\n    print(response.text)\nelse:\n    print(f"\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff1a{response.status_code}")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5728Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u6293\u53d6\u5230\u7684URL\u6570\u636e\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u6293\u53d6\u5230\u7684URL\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7BeautifulSoup<\/code>\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u4eceHTML\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a  <\/p>\n
    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup\n\nsoup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')\ntitles = soup.find_all('h1')  # \u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u8981\u6293\u53d6\u6240\u6709<h1>\u6807\u7b7e\n\nfor title in titles:\n    print(title.text)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6293\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u65f6\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u4e00\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f1a\u5b9e\u65bd\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u88ab\u968f\u610f\u6293\u53d6\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684headers\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u4f2a\u88c5\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\uff0c\u6a21\u4eff\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a  <\/p>\n
    headers = {\n    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/87.0.4280.88 Safari\/537.36'\n}\nresponse = requests.get(url, headers=headers)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528time.sleep()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u95f4\u9694\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u9891\u7e41\u8bbf\u95ee\u540c\u4e00\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u8bbf\u95ee\u6293\u5230\u7684URL\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u3001urllib\u5e93\u3001BeautifulSoup\u5e93\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1188248,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1188240"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1188240"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1188240\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1188249,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1188240\/revisions\/1188249"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1188248"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1188240"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1188240"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1188240"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}