| Vol-3159 urn:nbn:de:0074-3159-2 Copyright © 2021 for the individual papers by the papers' authors. Copyright © 2021 for the volume as a collection by its editors. This volume and its papers are published under the Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).

# FIRE-WN 2021
FIRE 2021 Working Notes

### Working Notes of FIRE 2021 - Forum for Information Retrieval Evaluation

### Gandhinagar, India, December 13-17, 2021.

Edited by

### Parth Mehta*
Thomas Mandl **
Prasenjit Majumder ***
Mandar Mitra ****

* Parmonic, Atlanta, USA
** Universität Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
*** Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, Gandhinagar, India
**** Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India

## Table of Contents

- Preface
  Parth Mehta, Thomas Mandl, Prasenjit Majumder, Mandar Mitra

### Hate Speech and Offensive Content Detection (HASOC)

- Overview of the HASOC Subtrack at FIRE 2021: HateSpeech and Offensive Content Identification in English and Indo-Aryan Languages 1-19
  Thomas Mandl, Sandip Modha, Gautam Kishore Shahi, Hiren Madhu, Shrey Satapara, Prasenjit Majumder, Johannes Schäfer, Tharindu Ranasinghe, Marcos Zampieri, Durgesh Nandini, Amit Kumar Jaiswal
- Overview of the HASOC Subtrack at FIRE 2021: Conversational Hate Speech Detection in Code-mixed language 20-31
  Shrey Satapara, Sandip Modha, Thomas Mandl, Hiren Madhu, Prasenjit Majumder
- Exploring Transformer Based Models to Identify Hate Speech and Offensive Content in English and Indo-Aryan Languages 32-43
  Somnath Banerjee, Maulindu Sarkar, Nancy Agrawal, Punyajoy Saha, Mithun Das
- Hate Speech and Offensive Content Identification with Graph Convolutional Networks 44-51
  Necva Bölücü, Pelin Canbay
- Fine-tuning of Pre-trained Transformers for Hate Offensive and Profane Content Detection in English and Marathi 52-62
  Anna Glazkova, Michael Kadantsev, Maksim Glazkov
- Leveraging Transformers for Hate Speech Detection in Conversational Code-Mixed Tweets 63-74
  Zaki Mustafa Farooqi, Sreyan Ghosh, Rajiv Ratn Shah
- Detecting Hate Speech on English and Indo-Aryan Languages with BERT and Ensemble learning 75-81
  Camilo Caparrós-Laiz, José Antonio García Díaz, Rafael Valencia-Garcia
- A Simple Language-Agnostic yet Strong Baseline System for Hate Speech and Offensive Content Identification 82-91
  Yves Bestgen
- Multilingual Hate Speech and Offensive Language Detection in English Hindi and Marathi languages 92-103
  Kalaivani Adaikkan, Thenmozhi Durairaj
- Hate Speech and Offensive Content Identification in English Tweets 104-109
  Ritesh Kumar, Vishesh Gupta, Rajendra Pamula
- Machine Learning Models for Hate Speech and Offensive Language Identification for Indo-Aryan Language: Hindi 110-120
  Purva Mankar, Akshaya Gangurde, Deptii Chaudhari, Ambika Pawar
- Probabilistic Impact Score Generation using Ktrain-BERT to Identify Hate Words from Twitter Discussions 121-131
  Sourav Das, Prasanta Mandal, Sanjay Chatterji
- Ensemble Based Machine Learning Models for Hate Speech and Offensive Content Identification 132-141
  Asha Hegde, Mudoor Devadas Anusha, Hosahalli Lakshmaiah Shashirekha
- Classification of Hate Speech and Offensive Content using an approach based on DistilBERT 142-153
  Swetha Saseendran, Sudharshan R, Sreedhar V, Sharan Giri
- Hate Speech and Offensive Content Identification Based on Self-Attention 154-160
  Yifan Xu, Hui Ning, Yutong Sun
- Battling Hateful Content in Indic Languages HASOC’21 161-172
  Aditya Kadam, Anmol Goel, Jivitesh Jain, Jushaan Singh Kalra, Mallika Subramanian, Manvith Reddy, Prashant Kodali, Arjun T H, Manish Shrivastava, Ponnurangam Kumaraguru
- A Feature Extraction Based Model for Hate Speech Identification 173-181
  Salar Mohtaj, Vera Schmitt, Sebastian Möller
- Attention Based BERT-FastText Model for Hate Speech and Offensive Content Identification in English and Hindi Languages 182-190
  Krishanu Maity, Abhishek Kumar, Sriparna Saha
- Detect Hate and Offensive Content in English and Indo-Aryan Languages based on Transformer 191-199
  Yongyi Kui
- Applying Transfer Learning using BERT-Based Models for Hate Speech Detection 200-208
  Sakshi Kalra, Kalit Naresh Inani, Yashvardhan Sharma, Gajendra Singh Chauhan
- Hatespeech and Offensive Content Detection in Hindi Language using C-BiGRU 209-216
  Sudharsana Kannan, Jelena Mitrović
- Contextual Hate Speech Detection in Code Mixed Text using Transformer Based Approaches 217-225
  Ravindra Nayak, Raviraj Joshi
- Offensive Language Identification Using Hindi-English Code-Mixed Tweets and Code-Mixed Data Augmentation 226-238
  Md Saroar Jahan, Mourad Oussalah, Jhuma Kabir Mim, Mominul Islam
- Hate and Offensive Speech Detection in Hindi and Marathi 239-247
  Abhishek Velankar, Hrushikesh Patil, Amol Gore, Shubham Salunke, Raviraj Joshi
- Leveraging Text Generated from Emojis for Hate Speech and Offensive Content Identification 248-253
  Nkwebi Peace Motlogelwa, Edwin Thuma, Monkgogi Mudongo, Tebo Leburu-Dingalo, Gontlafetse Mosweunyane
- ALBERT for Hate Speech and Offensive Content Identification 254-261
  Jun Zeng, Li Xu, Hao Wu
- Hate and Offensive Language Detection using BERT for English Subtask A 262-272
  Md Saroar Jahan, Djamila Romaissa Beddiar, Mourad Oussalah, Nabil Arhab, Yazid Bounab
- Transformer Models for Offensive Language Identification in Marathi 273-282
  Mayuresh Nene, Kai North, Tharindu Ranasinghe, Marcos Zampieri
- Offensive Text Detection on English Twitter with Deep Learning Models and Rule-Based Systems 283-296
  Kinga Gémes, Kovács Ádám, Markus Reichel, Gábor Recski
- Multi-Task Learning with Sentiment Emotion and Target Detection to Recognize Hate Speech and Offensive Language 297-318
  Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco, Sercan Halat, Sebastian Padó, Roman Klinger
- Hybrid Representation Fusion for Twitter Hate Speech Identification 319-329
  Wentao Yu, Benedikt Boenninghoff, Dorothea Kolossa
- Fine-tune BERT to Classify Hate Speech in Hindi English Code-Mixed Text 330-337
  Shikha Mundra, Nikhil Singh, Namita Mittal
- Hate and Offensive Speech Detection in Hindi Twitter Corpus 338-348
  Ishali Jadhav, Aditi Kanade, Vishesh Waghmare, Deptii Chaudhari
- Multilingual Hate Speech and Offensive Content Detection using Modified Cross-entropy Loss 349-356
  Arka Mitra, Priyanshu Sankhala
- biCourage: ngram and syntax GCNs for Hate Speech detection 357-366
  Rodrigo Wilkens, Dimitri Ognibene
- Detection of Hate or Offensive Phrase using Magnified Tf-Idf 367-378
  Palash Nandi, Dipankar Das
- Machine Learning Models for Hate Speech Identification in Marathi Language 379-386
  Disha Gajbhiye, Swapnil Deshpande, Prerna Ghante, Abhijeet Kale, Deptii Chaudhari
- Gated Multi-task learning framework for text classification 387-395
  Suyash Sangwan, Lipika Dey, Mohammad Shakir
- Hate Speech Detection using LIME guided Ensemble Method and DistilBERT 396-411
  Deepakindresh N, Rohan Avireddy, Aakash Ambalavanan, B Radhika Selvamani
- Combining Textual Features for the Detection of Hateful and Offensive Language 412-418
  Sherzod Hakimov, Ralph Ewerth
- One to Rule Them All: Towards Joint Indic Language Hate Speech Detection 419-431
  Mehar Bhatia, Tenzin Singhay Bhotia, Akshat Agarwal, Prakash Ramesh, Shubham Gupta, Kumar Shridhar, Felix Laumann, Ayushman Dash
- Machine Learning Based Hate Speech Identification for English and Indo-Aryan Languages 432-438
  Anirudh Anand, Jeet Golecha, Bharathi B, Bhuvana Jayaraman, Mirnalinee T. T
- An Ensemble Approach for Hate and Offensive Language Identification in English and Indo-Aryan Languages 439-445
  Abhinav Kumar, Pradeep Kumar Roy, Sunil Saumya
- Fine-tuning Pre-Trained Transformer based model for Hate Speech and Offensive Content Identification in English Indo-Aryan and Code-Mixed (English-Hindi) languages 446-458
  Supriya Chanda, S Ujjwal, Shayak Das, Sukomal Pal
- SVM for Hate Speech and Offensive Content Detection 459-466
  Shyam Ratan, Sonal Sinha, Siddharth Singh
- Hate Speech and Offensive Content Identification in Hindi and Marathi Language Tweets using Ensemble Techniques 467-479
  Ratnavel Rajalakshmi, Faerie Mattins, Srivarshan S, Preethi Reddy, M Anand Kumar
- Conversational Hate-Speech detection in Code-Mixed Hindi-English Tweets 480-490
  Ratnavel Rajalakshmi, Srivarshan S, Faerie Mattins, Kaarthik E, Prithvi Seshadri, M Anand Kumar
- Classification of Hate Offensive and Profane content from Tweets using an Ensemble of Deep Contextualized and Domain Specific Representations 491-500
  Basavraj Chinagundi, Muskaan Singh, Tirthankar Ghosal, Prashant Singh Rana, Guneet Singh Kohli
- Detecting Offensive Language in English Hindi and Marathi using Classical Supervised Machine Learning Methods and Word/Char N-grams 501-507
  Yaakov Hacohen-Kerner, Moshe Uzan
- Feature Selection with Pretrained-BERT for Hate Speech and Offensive Content Identification in English and Hindi Languages 508-516
  Surya Agustian, Reski Saputra, Aidil Fadhilah

### Artificial Intelligence for Legal Assistance (AILA)

- Overview of the Third Shared Task on Artificial Intelligence for Legal Assistance at FIRE 2021 517-526
  Vedant Parikh, Upal Bhattacharya, Parth Mehta, Ayan Bandyopadhyay, Paheli Bhattacharya, Kripabandhu Ghosh, Saptarshi Ghosh, Arindam Pal, Arnab Bhattacharya, Prasenjit Majumder
- Categorizing Roles of Legal Texts via Sequence Tagging on Domain-Specific Language Models 527-533
  Sourav Dutta
- DistilRoBERTa Based Sentence Embedding for Rhetorical Role Labelling of Legal Case Documents 534-540
  Deepthi Sudharsan, Asmitha U, Premjith B, Soman K P
- Legal Text Classification and Summarization using Transformers and Joint Text Features 541-546
  Shaz Furniturewala, Racchit Jain, Vijay Kumari, Yashvardhan Sharma
- Classification on Sentence Embeddings for LegalAssistance 547-552
  Arka Mitra
- Summarization of Indian Legal Judgement Documents via Ensembling of Contextual Embedding based MLP Models 553-561
  Deepali Jain, Malaya Dutta Borah, Anupam Biswas
- Simple Transformers in Rhetoric Role Labelling for Legal Judgements 562-567
  Sai Shridhar Balamurali, Kayalvizhi S, Thenmozhi D
- Rhetorical Role Labelling for Legal Judgements and Legal Document Summarization 568-574
  Siddhartha Rusiya, Aditya Sharma, Debajyoti Debbarma, Samarjit Debbarma
- Rhetorical Role Labelling for Legal Judgements using fastText Classifier 575-580
  Tebo Leburu-Dingalo, Edwin Thuma, Gontlafetse Mosweunyane, Nkwebi Motlogelwa
- Automatic Detection of Rhetorical Role Labels using ERNIE2.0 and RoBERTa 581-588
  Guneet Singh Kohli, Prabsimran Kaur, Jatin Bedi

### Offensive Language Identification for Dravidian Languages in Code-Mixed Text

- Overview of the HASOC-DravidianCodeMix Shared Task on Offensive Language Detection in Tamil and Malayalam 589-602
  Bharathi Raja Chakravarthi, Prasanna Kumar Kumaresan, Ratnasingam Sakuntharaj, Anand Kumar Madasamy, Sajeetha Thavareesan, B Premjith, K Sreelakshmi, Subalalitha Chinnaudayar Navaneethakrishnan, John P. McCrae, Thomas Mandl
- CoMaTa OLI- Code-Mixed Malayalam and Tamil Offensive Language Identification 603-614
  F. Balouchzahi, S. Bashang, G. Sidorov, H. L. Shashirekha
- Hate Speech and Offensive Language Identification on Multilingual Code Mixed Text using BERT 615-624
  Snehaan Bhawal, Pradeep Roy, Abhinav Kumar
- Analyzing Social Media Content for Detection of Offensive Text 625-635
  Pawan Kalyan Jada, Konthala Yasaswini, Karthik Puranik, Anbukkarasi Sampath, Sathiyaraj Thangasamy, Kingston Pal Thamburaj
- Hate and Offensive Content Identification from Dravidian Social Media Posts: A Deep Learning Approach 636-642
  Anu Priya, Abhinav Kumar
- Offensive Language Identification on Multilingual Code Mixing Text 643-650
  Jyoti Kumari, Abhinav Kumar
- Transformer Based Model For Offensive Content Recognition In Dravidian Languages 651-658
  Divya S, Sripriya N
- Pretrained Transformers for Offensive Language Identification in Tanglish 659-666
  Sean Benhur, Kanchana Sivanraju
- TOLD: Tamil Offensive Language Detection in Code-Mixed Social Media Comments using MBERT with Features based Selection 667-679
  Kalaivani Adaikkan, Thenmozhi Durairaj, Aravindan Chandrabose
- mBERT Based Model for Identification of Offensive Content in South Indian Languages 680-687
  Shankar Biradar, Sunil Saumya, Arun Chauhan
- Offensive Text Prediction using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches 688-695
  Bhuvana Jayaraman, Mirnalinee T. T, Karthik Raja Anandan, Aarthi Suresh Kumar, Anirudh Anand
- Transformer Ensemble System for Detection of Offensive Content in Dravidian Languages 696-704
  B.S.N.V Chaitanya , Karri Anjali
- Offensive Language Identification using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques 705-713
  C Jerin Mahibha, Sampath Kayalvizhi, Durairaj Thenmozhi, S Arunima
- Offensive Language Classification of Code-Mixed Tamil with Keras 714-719
  Suchismita Tripathy, Ameya Pathak, Yashvardhan Sharma
- Detection Offensive Tamil Texts using Machine Learning and Multilingual Transformers Models 720-728
  Malliga Subramanian, Kogilavani Shanmuga Vadivel, Antonette Shibani, Adhithiya G.J, Deepti R, Gowthamkrishnan S
- IndicBERT Based Approach for Sentiment Analysis on Code-Mixed Tamil Tweets 729-736
  Ramesh Kannan R, Ratnavel Rajalakshmi, Lokesh Kumar
- RNN’s VS TRANSFORMERS: Training Language Models on Deficit Datasets 737-743
  Abhishek Kumar Gautam, Bharathi B

### Abusive and Threatening Language Detection Task in Urdu

- Overview of Abusive and Threatening Language Detection in Urdu at FIRE 2021 744-762
  Maaz Amjad, Alisa Zhila, Grigori Sidorov, Andrey Labunets, Sabur Butt, Hamza Imam Amjad, Oxana Vitman, Alexander Gelbukh
- Abusive and Threatening Language Detection in Urdu using Supervised Machine Learning and Feature Combinations 763-773
  Muhammad Humayoun
- Urdu Abusive Language Detection using Machine Learning 774-783
  Muhammad Owais Raza, Qaisar Khan, Ghulam Muhammad Soomro
- Abusive and Threatening Language Detection from Urdu Social Media Posts: A machine learning approach 784-790
  Abhinav Kumar, Sunil Saumya, Pradeep Kumar Roy
- Abusive and Threatening Language Detection in Urdu using Boosting Based and BERT Based Models: A Comparative Approach 791-798
  Mithun Das, Somnath Banerjee, Punyajoy Saha
- Detection of Abusive Records by Analyzing the Tweets in Urdu Language Exploring Transformer Based Models 799-805
  Sakshi Kalra, Yash Bansal, Yashvardhan Sharma
- Abusive and Threatening Language Detection in Native Urdu Script Tweets Exploring Four Conventional Machine Learning Techniques and MLP 806-812
  K A. Karthikraja , Aarthi Suresh Kumar, B. Bharathi, Jayaraman Bhuvana, T.T Mirnalinee
- Detection of Threat Records by Analyzing the Tweets in Urdu Language Exploring Deep Learning Transformer - Based Models 813-819
  Sakshi Kalra, Mehul Agrawal, Yashvardhan Sharma

### Arabic Misogyny Identification (ArMI)

- ArMI at FIRE 2021: Overview of the First Shared Task on Arabic Misogyny Identification 820-830
  Hala Mulki, Bilal Ghanem
- A Deep Learning Approach for Identification of Arabic Misogyny from Tweets 831-838
  Abhinav Kumar, Pradeep Kumar Roy, Jyoti Prakash Singh
- Arabic Misogyny Identification 839-846
  Fazlourrahman Balouchzahi, Grigori Sidorov Sidorov, Hosahalli Lakshmaiah Shashirekha
- Context-aware Language Modeling for Arabic Misogyny Identification 847-851
  Istabrak Abbes, Eya Nakache, Moez Benhajhmida
- Deep Multi-Task Models for Misogyny Identification and Categorization on Arabic Social Media 852-860
  Abdelkader El Mahdaouy, Abdellah El Mekki, Ahmed Oumar, Hajar Mousannif, Ismail Berrada
- Detecting Misogyny in Arabic Tweets 861-866
  Abdusalam Nwesri, Stephen Wu, Harmain Harmain
- iCompass Working Notes for Arabic Misogyny Identification 867-871
  Abir Messaoudi, Chayma Fourati, Mayssa Kchaou, Hatem Haddad

### Sentiment Analysis of Dravidian Languages in Code-Mixed Text

- Findings of the Sentiment Analysis of Dravidian Languages in Code-Mixed Text 872-886
  Bharathi Raja Chakravarthi, Ruba Priyadharshini, Sajeetha Thavareesan, Dhivya Chinnappa, Durairaj Thenmozhi, Elizabeth Sherly, John P. McCrae, Adeep Hande, Rahul Ponnusamy, Shubhanker Banerjee, Charangan Vasantharajan
- CoSaD- Code-Mixed Sentiments Analysis for Dravidian Languages 887-898
  Fazlourrahman Balouchzahi, Hosahalli Lakshmaiah Shashirekha, Grigori Sidorov
- Sentiment Classification on Bilingual Code-Mixed Texts for Dravidian Languages using Machine Learning Methods 899-907
  Rashmi K.B., Guruprasad H.S., Shambhavi B.R.
- Sentiment Analysis on Multilingual Code-Mixed Kannada Language 908-918
  Satyam Dutta, Himanshi Agrawal, Pradeep Kumar Roy
- Automatic Detecting the Sentiment of Code-Mixed Text by Pre-training Model 919-925
  Yang Bai, Bangyuan Zhang, Wanli Chen, Yongjie Gu, Tongfeng Guan, Qisong Shi
- Transformer based Sentiment Analysis in Dravidian Languages 926-938
  Pawan Kalyan Jada, D Sashidhar Reddy, Konthala Yasaswini, Arunaggiri Pandian K, Prabakaran Chandran, Anbukkarasi Sampath, Sathiyaraj Thangasamy
- Transliterate or Translate? Sentiment Analysis of Code-Mixed Text in Dravidian Languages 939-949
  Karthik Puranik, Bharathi B, Senthil Kumar B
- An Ensemble-Based Model for Sentiment Analysis of Dravidian Code-Mixed Social Media Posts 950-958
  Abhinav Kumar, Sunil Saumya, Jyoti Prakash Singh
- A Deep Neural Network-based Model for the Sentiment Analysis of Dravidian Code-mixed Social Media Posts 959-966
  Jyoti Kumari, Abhinav Kumar
- ECMAG - Ensemble of CNN and Multi-Head Attention with Bi-GRU for Sentiment Analysis in Code-Mixed Data 967-975
  Dhanasekaran Prasannakumaran, Jappeswaran Balasubramanian Sideshwar, Durairaj Thenmozhi
- Comparative Analysis for Offensive Language Identification of Tamil Text using SVM and Logistic Classifier 976-983
  Prabhu Ram. N, Meeradevi.T, Vibin Mammen Vinod, Gothainayaki.A, Anusha S, Agalya T
- Sentiment Analysis on Code-mixed Dravidian Languages A Non-Linguistic Approach 984-995
  Prasad A. Joshi, Varsha M. Pathak
- BiLSTM-Sentiments Analysis in Code Mixed Dravidian Languages 996-1004
  Mudoor Devadas Anusha, Hosahalli Lakshmaiah Shashirekha
- Sentiment Analysis Model For Code-Mixed Tamil Language 1005-1010
  N Sripriya, S Divya
- Sentiment Analysis of Dravidian-CodeMix Language 1011-1019
  Ankit Kumar Mishra, Sunil Saumya, Abhinav Kumar
- Multilingual Sentiment Analysis in Tamil Malayalam and Kannada code-mixed social media posts using MBERT 1020-1028
  Adaikkan Kalaivani, Durairaj Thenmozhi
- Deep Learning Based Sentiment analysis for MalayalamTamil and Kannada languages 1029-1037
  Pavan Kumar P.H.V, Premjith B, Sanjanasri J.P, Soman K.P
- Machine Learning Based Approach for Sentiment Analysis on Multilingual Code Mixing Text 1038-1043
  B Bharathi, G U Samyuktha
- Sentiment Analysis on Tamil Code-Mixed Text using Bi-LSTM 1044-1050
  Pradeep Kumar Roy, Abhinav Kumar
- Is Meta Embedding Better than Pre-Trained Word Embedding to Perform Sentiment Analysis for Dravidian Languages in Code-Mixed Text? 1051-1060
  Supriya Chanda, Rajat Pratap Singh, Sukomal Pal
- Voting Ensemble Model Based Malayalam-English Sentiment Analysis on Code-Mixed Data 1061-1068
  K.Nimmi, B.Janet
- Sentiment Analysis on Dravidian Code-Mixed YouTube Comments using Paraphrase XLM-RoBERTa Model 1069-1076
  Yandrapati Prakash Babu, Rajagopal Eswari
- Sentiment Analysis in Dravidian Code-Mixed YouTube Comments and Posts 1077-1084
  Sanjeepan Sivapiran, Charangan Vasantharajan, Uthayasanker Thayasivam
- An Ensemble Model for Sentiment Classification on Code-Mixed Data in Dravidian Languages 1085-1093
  S R Mithun Kumar, Nihal Reddy, Aruna Malapati, Lov Kumar
- Sentiment Analysis using Cross Lingual Word Embedding Model 1094-1100
  C Jerin Mahibha, Sampath Kayalvizhi, Durairaj Thenmozhi

### Fake News Detection in the Urdu Language (UrduFake)

- Overview of the Shared Task on Fake News Detection in Urdu at FIRE 2021 1101-1116
  Maaz Amjad, Sabur Butt, Hamza Imam Amjad, Alisa Zhila, Grigori Sidorov, Alexander Gelbukh
- Ensembled Feature Selection for Urdu Fake News Detection 1117-1126
  Fazlourrahman Balouchzahi, Hosahalli Lakshmaiah Shashirekha, Grigori Sidorov
- Automatic Fake News Detection in Urdu Language using Transformers 1127-1134
  Iqra Ameer, Claudia Porto Capetillo, Helena Gómez-Adorno, Grigori Sidorov
- Urdu Fake News Detection using TF-IDF Features and TextCNN 1135-1141
  Muhammad Abdullah Ilyas, Khurram Shahzad
- Ensembling Machine Learning Models for Urdu Fake News Detection 1142-1149
  Hammad Akram, Khurram Shahzad
- A Simple N-Gram Model for Urdu Fake News Detection 1150-1155
  Hamada Nayel, Ghada Amer
- The 2021 Urdu Fake News Detection Task using Supervised Machine Learning and Feature Combinations 1156-1161
  Muhammad Humayoun
- Detecting Fake News in URDU using Classical Supervised Machine Learning Methods and Word/Char N-grams 1162-1167
  Yaakov Hacohen-Kerner, Natan Manor, Netanel Bashan, Elyasaf Dimant
- A Machine Learning Approach for Fake News Detection from Urdu Social Media Posts 1168-1174
  Abhinav Kumar, Jyoti Kumari
- Ensembling of Various Transformer Based Models for the Fake News Detection Task in the Urdu Language 1175-1181
  Sakshi Kalraa, Preetika Vermaa, Yashvardhan Sharmaa, Gajendra Singh Chauhan
- Fake News Detection in Urdu Language using BERT 1182-1189
  Snehaan Bhawal, Pradeep Kumar Roy
- Urdu Fake News Detection Using Ensemble of Machine Learning Models 1190-1198
  Asha Hegde, Hosahalli Lakshmaiah Shashirekha

### Information Retrieval from Microblogs during Disasters (IRMiDis)

- VaccineBERT: BERT for COVID-19 Vaccine Tweet Classification 1199-1203
  Shivangi Bithel, Samidha Verma
- Identifying Situational Information during Mass Emergency 1204-1209
  Sumit Anand, Mehuly Chakraborthy, Diptaraj Sen
- COVID Vaccine Stance Classification 1210-1215
  Meghna Chakraborty, Sk. Aftab Aman
- Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers for the COVID-19 vaccine stance classification 1216-1220
  Abhinav Kumar, Pradeep Kumar Roy, Jyoti Prakash Singh
- Analyzing COVID-19 Vaccination 1221-1226
  Poulami Ghosh, Sayani Ghosh
- Retrieval of Actionable Information during Mass Emergency: A Classification Approach 1227-1232
  Aayush Chowdhury, Aman Choudhary, Aishwarya Roy

### Causality-driven Ad hoc Information Retrieval (CAIR)

- Overview of the Causality-driven Adhoc Information Retrieval (CAIR) task at FIRE-2021 1233-1237
  Suchana Datta, Debasis Ganguly, Dwaipayan Roy, Derek Greene
- Causal Document Retrieval: An Analytical Investigation 1238-1245
  Pankaj Dadure, Partha Pakray, Sivaji Bandyopadhyay
- A Semantic Search Pipeline for Causality-driven Adhoc Information Retrieval 1246-1254
  Dhairya Dalal, Sharmi Dev Gupta, Bentolhoda Binaei

2022-05-27: submitted by Parth Mehta, metadata incl. bibliographic data published under Creative Commons CC0
2022-07-01: published on CEUR-WS.org |valid HTML5|