![\"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u6293\u53d6\u5b66\u53f7\"](\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/25081059\/eed15842-fd36-4aaa-a2e0-3e8c627d15f3.webp\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6293\u53d6\u5b66\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u3001BeautifulSoup\u5e93\u3001Scrapy\u6846\u67b6\u3001Selenium\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408BeautifulSoup\u5e93\u89e3\u6790HTML\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u4e14\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0cSelenium\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528REQUESTS\u5e93\u548cBEAUTIFULSOUP\u5e93<\/p>\n<\/p>\n Requests\u5e93\u548cBeautifulSoup\u5e93\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u9875\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u9759\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86requests\u548cBeautifulSoup\u5e93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n pip install beautifulsoup4<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n \u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5728Python\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n \u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528 response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n html_content = response.text<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n \u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u89e3\u6790HTML\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636eHTML\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n \u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5305\u542b\u5b66\u53f7\u7684HTML\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u5b66\u53f7\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7c7b\u6216ID\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n for student_id in student_ids:<\/p>\n print(student_id.get_text())<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n \u5728\u6b64\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u5b66\u53f7\u653e\u5728 \u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SELENIUM\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u7f51\u9875\uff0crequests\u548cBeautifulSoup\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u5b8c\u6574\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86Selenium\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0b\u8f7d\u76f8\u5e94\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u5982ChromeDriver\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5Selenium\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n \u914d\u7f6eSelenium\u4ee5\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n driver_path = '\/path\/to\/chromedriver'<\/p>\n driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=driver_path)<\/p>\n driver.get('http:\/\/example.com\/student-list')<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n \u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u7684API\u6293\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u5b66\u53f7\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n for elem in student_id_elements:<\/p>\n print(elem.text)<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n \u6293\u53d6\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\uff0c\u5173\u95ed\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4ee5\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n Selenium\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u4e92\u6216\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u5b83\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6293\u53d6JavaScript\u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SCRAPY\u6846\u67b6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n Scrapy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7684\u722c\u866b\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u88c5Scrapy\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n \u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684Scrapy\u9879\u76ee\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n \u5728Scrapy\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49Item\u7c7b\u548cSpider\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n import scrapy<\/p>\n class StudentItem(scrapy.Item):<\/p>\n student_id = scrapy.Field()<\/p>\n import scrapy<\/p>\n from student_scraper.items import StudentItem<\/p>\n class StudentSpider(scrapy.Spider):<\/p>\n name = 'student'<\/p>\n start_urls = ['http:\/\/example.com\/student-list']<\/p>\n def parse(self, response):<\/p>\n for student in response.css('span.student-id'):<\/p>\n item = StudentItem()<\/p>\n item['student_id'] = student.get_text()<\/p>\n yield item<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n \u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u722c\u866b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n Scrapy\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u9632\u722c\u63aa\u65bd<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \u5728\u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u7f51\u7ad9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u9632\u722c\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b56\u7565\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/58.0.3029.110 Safari\/537.3'<\/p>\n }<\/p>\n response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n \u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406IP\u4ee5\u907f\u514dIP\u88ab\u5c01\u7981\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n 'http': 'http:\/\/10.10.1.10:3128',<\/p>\n 'https': 'http:\/\/10.10.1.10:1080',<\/p>\n }<\/p>\n response = requests.get(url, proxies=proxies)<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n \u5728\u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u968f\u673a\u5ef6\u65f6\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u771f\u4eba\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n import random<\/p>\n time.sleep(random.uniform(1, 3)) # \u968f\u673a\u5ef6\u65f61\u52303\u79d2<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u5e94\u9075\u5b88\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u548c\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684robots.txt\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u548c\u5408\u89c4\u6027\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \u5982\u4f55\u7528Python\u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u4e0a\u7684\u5b66\u53f7\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f<\/strong> \u5728\u6293\u53d6\u5b66\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\uff1f<\/strong> Python\u6293\u53d6\u5b66\u53f7\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u54ea\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/strong>\n
pip install requests<\/p>\nimport requests<\/p>\n\n
requests.get(url)<\/code>\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u9875\u9762\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\nurl = 'http:\/\/example.com\/student-list'<\/p>\n\n
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n\n
student_ids = soup.find_all('span', class_='student-id')<\/p>\n<span class="student-id"><\/code>\u6807\u7b7e\u4e2d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7soup.find_all<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528get_text()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n\n
pip install selenium<\/p>\n\n
from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n\u8bbe\u7f6ewebdriver\u8def\u5f84<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u6253\u5f00\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u9875<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
student_id_elements = driver.find_elements_by_class_name('student-id')<\/p>\n\n
driver.quit()<\/p>\n\n
pip install scrapy<\/p>\n\n
scrapy startproject student_scraper<\/p>\n\n
# \u5728items.py\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49<\/p>\n\u5728spiders\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49Spider<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
scrapy crawl student<\/p>\n\n
headers = {<\/p>\n\n
proxies = {<\/p>\n\n
import time<\/p>\n\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u6293\u53d6\u5b66\u53f7\u4fe1\u606f\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93\u548c\u89e3\u6790\u5e93\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e93\u5305\u62ecrequests<\/code>\u548cBeautifulSoup<\/code>\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5229\u7528BeautifulSoup<\/code>\u89e3\u6790HTML\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u5b66\u53f7\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7c7b\u540d\u6216ID\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u53d6\u5b66\u53f7\u6570\u636e\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u9075\u5faa\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684robots.txt\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bb8\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f1a\u91c7\u7528\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\u6765\u9632\u6b62\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6293\u53d6\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6539\u53d8\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684User-Agent\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u771f\u5b9e\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9002\u65f6\u52a0\u5165\u8bf7\u6c42\u95f4\u9694\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u9891\u7e41\u8bf7\u6c42\u5bfc\u81f4\u88ab\u5c01IP\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5206\u6563\u8bf7\u6c42\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u65f6\uff0c\u52a1\u5fc5\u9075\u5faa\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u548c\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u6b3e\u3002\u672a\u7ecf\u5141\u8bb8\u6293\u53d6\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4fb5\u72af\u9690\u79c1\u6743\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u6293\u53d6\u524d\u4e86\u89e3\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5408\u6cd5\u5408\u89c4\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5c06\u5176\u7528\u4e8e\u5546\u4e1a\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6388\u6743\u548c\u58f0\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6293\u53d6\u5b66\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u3001BeautifulSoup\u5e93\u3001Scra […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1003935,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1003925"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1003925"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1003925\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1003938,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1003925\/revisions\/1003938"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1003935"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1003925"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1003925"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1003925"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}