{"id":1004116,"date":"2024-12-27T10:23:23","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T02:23:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1004116.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T10:23:29","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T02:23:29","slug":"python-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bc%a0%e5%85%a5%e8%be%93%e5%85%a5%e5%8f%82%e6%95%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1004116.html","title":{"rendered":"python \u5982\u4f55\u4f20\u5165\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f20\u5165\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u7528sys.argv<\/code>\u6216argparse<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u5219\u662f\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u4f20\u5165\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f20\u5165\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u5165<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u63a5\u6536\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662f\u901a\u8fc7sys.argv<\/code>\u548cargparse<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528sys.argv<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

sys.argv<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5217\u8868\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u811a\u672c\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import sys<\/p>\n
def mAI<\/a>n():<\/p>\n
    print("Script name:", sys.argv[0])<\/p>\n
    for i, arg in enumerate(sys.argv[1:], 1):<\/p>\n
        print(f"Argument {i}:", arg)<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
    main()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5982\uff1apython script.py arg1 arg2 arg3<\/code>\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528argparse\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
argparse<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u89e3\u6790\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3001\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import argparse<\/p>\n
def main():<\/p>\n
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Process some integers.")<\/p>\n
    parser.add_argument('integers', metavar='N', type=int, nargs='+',<\/p>\n
                        help='an integer for the accumulator')<\/p>\n
    parser.add_argument('--sum', dest='accumulate', action='store_const',<\/p>\n
                        const=sum, default=max,<\/p>\n
                        help='sum the integers (default: find the max)')<\/p>\n
    args = parser.parse_args()<\/p>\n
    print(args.accumulate(args.integers))<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
    main()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528--sum<\/code>\u9009\u9879\u6307\u5b9a\u6c42\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1apython script.py 1 2 3 --sum<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u5165<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def greet(name, age):<\/p>\n
    print(f"Hello, my name is {name} and I am {age} years old.")<\/p>\n
greet("Alice", 30)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u6570\u540d\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u4f20\u9012\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def greet(name, age):<\/p>\n
    print(f"Hello, my name is {name} and I am {age} years old.")<\/p>\n
greet(age=30, name="Bob")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def greet(name, age=25):<\/p>\n
    print(f"Hello, my name is {name} and I am {age} years old.")<\/p>\n
greet("Charlie")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570\u5141\u8bb8\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u6536\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4f7f\u7528*args<\/code>\u548ckwargs<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def greet(*names, info):<\/p>\n
    for name in names:<\/p>\n
        print(f"Hello, {name}!")<\/p>\n
    for key, value in info.items():<\/p>\n
        print(f"{key}: {value}")<\/p>\n
greet("Dave", "Eve", age=40, city="New York")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4f20\u5165<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4f20\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7os.environ<\/code>\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import os<\/p>\n
def main():<\/p>\n
    user = os.environ.get('USER', 'default_user')<\/p>\n
    path = os.environ.get('PATH', '')<\/p>\n
    print(f"User: {user}")<\/p>\n
    print(f"Path: {path}")<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
    main()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\u524d\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff1aexport USER=John<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f20\u5165\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u662fPython\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66f4\u5177\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u914d\u7f6e\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u5219\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u590d\u7528\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u9690\u85cf\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4f60\u7684Python\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u7b80\u6d01\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u63a5\u6536\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7sys<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684argv<\/code>\u6765\u63a5\u6536\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u3002argv<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u811a\u672c\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5219\u662f\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cpython script.py arg1 arg2<\/code>\uff0c\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7sys.argv[1]<\/code>\u548csys.argv[2]<\/code>\u6765\u8bbf\u95eearg1<\/code>\u548carg2<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\uff1f<\/strong>
\u9664\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528sys.argv<\/code>\uff0cPython\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u4f7f\u7528argparse<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u4e3a\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u3002\u4f7f\u7528argparse<\/code>\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u9700\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u8c03\u7528parse_args()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u6211\u60f3\u5728Python\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u505a\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684input()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u6682\u505c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b9e\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528name = input("\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u60a8\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff1a")<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u53d8\u91cfname<\/code>\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f20\u5165\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u548c […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1004131,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1004116"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1004116"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1004116\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1004135,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1004116\/revisions\/1004135"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1004131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1004116"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1004116"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1004116"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}