{"id":1004284,"date":"2024-12-27T10:25:01","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T02:25:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1004284.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T10:25:05","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T02:25:05","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%af%bc%e5%85%a5request%e6%a8%a1%e5%9d%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1004284.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u5bfc\u5165request\u6a21\u5757"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u5bfc\u5165request\u6a21\u5757\"<\/p>\n

\u8981\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5148\u786e\u4fdd\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528import<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u5c06\u5176\u5bfc\u5165\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528pip<\/code>\u5b89\u88c5requests\u5e93\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b89\u88c5\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u3002\u8be6\u7ec6\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bfc\u5165requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4f7f\u7528pip install requests<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528import requests<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6bd5\u5e76\u5bfc\u5165\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u8fdb\u884cHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982GET\u3001POST\u7b49\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5b89\u88c5REQUESTS\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u4f60\u7684Python\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u3002requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5728Python\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177pip<\/code>\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    \u4f7f\u7528PIP\u5b89\u88c5requests<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6253\u5f00\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982\u7ec8\u7aef\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff09\u5e76\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5b89\u88c5requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    pip install requests<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u8fd9\u5c06\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u80fd\u591f\u4ecePython Package Index (PyPI)\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b89\u88c5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728Python\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u4e2d\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bfc\u5165requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b89\u88c5\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u3002\u6253\u5f00Python\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u5e76\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import requests<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u5b89\u88c5\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u4e8c\u3001\u5bfc\u5165REQUESTS\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4f60\u7684Python\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528import<\/code>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import requests<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5bfc\u5165\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528REQUESTS\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884cHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8fdb\u884cHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5305\u62ecGET\u3001POST\u3001PUT\u3001DELETE\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \n
      GET\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f7f\u7528requests.get()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5b9e\u73b0GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')<\/p>\n
      print(response.status_code)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n
      print(response.text)         # \u8f93\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u901a\u8fc7response<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      POST\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u7528\u4e8e\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests.post()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}<\/p>\n
      response = requests.post('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data', data=payload)<\/p>\n
      print(response.status_code)<\/p>\n
      print(response.json())  # \u5982\u679c\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662fJSON\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u6790<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5728POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7data<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u4f20\u9012\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    3. \n
      \u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u7406HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')<\/p>\n
      if response.status_code == 200:<\/p>\n
          print('\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f')<\/p>\n
          print('\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9:', response.content)<\/p>\n
      else:<\/p>\n
          print('\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u7801:', response.status_code)<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7684HTTP\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    4. \n
      \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3API\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7headers<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      headers = {'User-Agent': 'my-app\/0.0.1'}<\/p>\n
      response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data', headers=headers)<\/p>\n
      print(response.status_code)<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u6a21\u62df\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u56db\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u6355\u83b7<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5728\u8fdb\u884cHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef\u3002requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \n
        \u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528try-except<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        try:<\/p>\n
            response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')<\/p>\n
            response.rAI<\/a>se_for_status()  # \u68c0\u67e5\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f<\/p>\n
        except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as http_err:<\/p>\n
            print(f'HTTP\u9519\u8bef: {http_err}')<\/p>\n
        except Exception as err:<\/p>\n
            print(f'\u5176\u4ed6\u9519\u8bef: {err}')<\/p>\n
        else:<\/p>\n
            print('\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f')<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \u4f7f\u7528raise_for_status()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u629b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aHTTPError\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \n
        \u5904\u7406\u8d85\u65f6<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8d85\u65f6\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6etimeout<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        try:<\/p>\n
            response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data', timeout=5)<\/p>\n
        except requests.exceptions.Timeout:<\/p>\n
            print('\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u65f6')<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u7a0b\u5e8f\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u5f85\u65e0\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SESSION\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u67d0\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684Session<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002Session<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u8de8\u8bf7\u6c42\u4fdd\u6301\u67d0\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982cookie\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \n
          \u521b\u5efaSESSION\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u521b\u5efaSession<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u4e00\u4e2arequests.Session<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          session = requests.Session()<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        2. \n
          \u5728SESSION\u4e2d\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u4f7f\u7528Session<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          session.headers.update({'User-Agent': 'my-app\/0.0.1'})<\/p>\n
          response = session.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')<\/p>\n
          print(response.status_code)<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \u901a\u8fc7Session<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u3001cookies\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        3. \n
          \u5173\u95edSESSION<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u5b8c\u6210\u6240\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5173\u95edSession<\/code>\u4ee5\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          session.close()<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u548c\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u8fdb\u884cHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u4ece\u5b89\u88c5\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u9519\u8bef\uff0crequests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u9762\u800c\u6613\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u63a5\u53e3<\/strong>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u4e0eWeb API\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
           \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5requests\u6a21\u5757\uff1f<\/strong>
          \u8981\u4f7f\u7528requests\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u60a8\u7684Python\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6253\u5f00\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6216\u7ec8\u7aef\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a  <\/p>\n
          pip install requests\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u60a8\u7684Python\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5bfc\u5165requests\u6a21\u5757\u65f6\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/strong>
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          requests\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f<\/strong>
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