{"id":1012849,"date":"2024-12-27T11:42:49","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T03:42:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1012849.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T11:42:51","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T03:42:51","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8python%e5%a4%9a%e7%ba%bf%e7%a8%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1012849.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528python\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528python\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\"<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u3001\u4f18\u5316I\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/strong> \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8ethreading<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u8c03\u7528\u5176start()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5168\u5c40\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u9501\uff08GIL\uff09\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u5728I\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u7b49\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u7406\u89e3PYTHON\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86threading<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    \u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5355\u5143\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u548c\u9501\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    \u5168\u5c40\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u9501\uff08GIL\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    Python\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u53d7\u5230GIL\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002GIL\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u62a4Python\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884cPython\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728CPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eI\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7b49\u5f85I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u5207\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528threading.Thread<\/code>\u7c7b\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      \u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627fthreading.Thread<\/code>\u7c7b\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002\u91cd\u5199run()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      import threading<\/p>\n
      class MyThread(threading.Thread):<\/p>\n
          def __init__(self, name):<\/p>\n
              threading.Thread.__init__(self)<\/p>\n
              self.name = name<\/p>\n
          def run(self):<\/p>\n
              print(f"Thread {self.name} is running")<\/p>\n
      thread1 = MyThread("A")<\/p>\n
      thread2 = MyThread("B")<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      \u542f\u52a8\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5bf9\u8c61\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528start()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u542f\u52a8\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002start()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u8c03\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684run()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      thread1.start()<\/p>\n
      thread2.start()<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    3. \n
      \u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528join()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u3002join()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      thread1.join()<\/p>\n
      thread2.join()<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u4e09\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65\u4e0e\u9501\u5b9a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \n
        \u4f7f\u7528\u9501<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        threading<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86Lock<\/code>\u7c7b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9501\u5b9a\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u9501\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        lock = threading.Lock()<\/p>\n
        def thread_task():<\/p>\n
            lock.acquire()<\/p>\n
            try:<\/p>\n
                # \u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90<\/p>\n
                pass<\/p>\n
            finally:<\/p>\n
                lock.release()<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \n
        \u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u9501\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f7f\u7528with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        def thread_task():<\/p>\n
            with lock:<\/p>\n
                # \u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90<\/p>\n
                pass<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u56db\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u4e0e\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u5927\u91cf\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528concurrent.futures<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684ThreadPoolExecutor<\/code>\u7c7b\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \n
          \u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ThreadPoolExecutor<\/code>\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4ea4\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor<\/p>\n
          def task(n):<\/p>\n
              print(f"Task {n} is running")<\/p>\n
          with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5) as executor:<\/p>\n
              for i in range(10):<\/p>\n
                  executor.submit(task, i)<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        2. \n
          \u7b49\u5f85\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          ThreadPoolExecutor<\/code>\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\uff0cwith<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u5757\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u4f1a\u7b49\u5f85\u6240\u6709\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u4e94\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0e\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \n
            \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9002\u7528\u4e8eI\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7b49\u5f85I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u5207\u6362\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          2. \n
            \u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            • \u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u9501\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u907f\u514d\u6b7b\u9501<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u9501\u65f6\uff0c\u5c0f\u5fc3\u6b7b\u9501\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9501\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u987a\u5e8f\u6765\u907f\u514d\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u8003\u8651GIL\u9650\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8eCPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u800c\u975e\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \u516d\u3001\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1a\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6765\u540c\u65f6\u4e0b\u8f7d\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              import threading<\/p>\n
              import requests<\/p>\n
              class DownloadThread(threading.Thread):<\/p>\n
                  def __init__(self, url, filename):<\/p>\n
                      threading.Thread.__init__(self)<\/p>\n
                      self.url = url<\/p>\n
                      self.filename = filename<\/p>\n
                  def run(self):<\/p>\n
                      response = requests.get(self.url)<\/p>\n
                      with open(self.filename, 'wb') as file:<\/p>\n
                          file.write(response.content)<\/p>\n
                      print(f"Downloaded {self.filename}")<\/p>\n
              urls = [<\/p>\n
                  ('http:\/\/example.com\/file1', 'file1'),<\/p>\n
                  ('http:\/\/example.com\/file2', 'file2'),<\/p>\n
                  ('http:\/\/example.com\/file3', 'file3'),<\/p>\n
              ]<\/p>\n
              threads = []<\/p>\n
              for url, filename in urls:<\/p>\n
                  thread = DownloadThread(url, filename)<\/p>\n
                  thread.start()<\/p>\n
                  threads.append(thread)<\/p>\n
              for thread in threads:<\/p>\n
                  thread.join()<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
              \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aDownloadThread<\/code>\u7c7b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2aURL\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u5b83\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u542f\u52a8\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528join()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u5f85\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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