{"id":1013558,"date":"2024-12-27T11:48:55","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T03:48:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1013558.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T11:48:57","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T03:48:57","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%89%a7%e8%a1%8c%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1013558.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/25090934\/50b541f4-aadb-4f92-ae39-83900c1b8d09.webp\" alt=\"python\u5982\u4f55\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> <strong>\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528os.system()\u3001subprocess\u6a21\u5757\u3001os.popen()\u7b49\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528subprocess\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/strong>subprocess\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7subprocess.run()\u3001subprocess.Popen()\u7b49\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u3001\u7ba1\u9053\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecdsubprocess\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e00\u3001OS.SYSTEM()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>os.system()\u662fPython\u4e2d\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u5728\u5b50\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6355\u83b7\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>os.system()\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u540e\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\uff0c0\u8868\u793a\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u975e0\u8868\u793a\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<p>exit_status = os.system(&#39;ls -l&#39;)<\/p>\n<p>print(f&quot;Exit status: {exit_status}&quot;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u9650\u5236<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>os.system()\u65e0\u6cd5\u6355\u83b7\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e14\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e8c\u3001SUBPROCESS\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>subprocess\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u63a8\u8350\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>subprocess.run()<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>subprocess.run()\u662f\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import subprocess<\/p>\n<p>result = subprocess.run([&#39;ls&#39;, &#39;-l&#39;], capture_output=True, text=True)<\/p>\n<p>print(f&quot;stdout: {result.stdout}&quot;)<\/p>\n<p>print(f&quot;stderr: {result.stderr}&quot;)<\/p>\n<p>print(f&quot;Return code: {result.returncode}&quot;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7capture_output=True\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7text=True\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>subprocess.Popen()<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>subprocess.Popen()\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u4ea4\u4e92\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7ba1\u9053\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import subprocess<\/p>\n<p>process = subprocess.Popen([&#39;ls&#39;, &#39;-l&#39;], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)<\/p>\n<p>stdout, stderr = process.communicate()<\/p>\n<p>print(f&quot;stdout: {stdout}&quot;)<\/p>\n<p>print(f&quot;stderr: {stderr}&quot;)<\/p>\n<p>print(f&quot;Return code: {process.returncode}&quot;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Popen\u5bf9\u8c61\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u624b\u52a8\u63a7\u5236\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7stdin\u3001stdout\u3001stderr\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u548c\u53bb\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e09\u3001OS.POPEN()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>os.popen()\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4e14\u88absubprocess\u6a21\u5757\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<p>with os.popen(&#39;ls -l&#39;) as pipe:<\/p>\n<p>    output = pipe.read()<\/p>\n<p>    print(output)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>os.popen()\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7read()\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u56db\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u62fc\u63a5<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u5728\u6267\u884c\u590d\u6742\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7shell=True\u6765\u6267\u884c\u5e26\u6709\u7ba1\u9053\u548c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import subprocess<\/p>\n<p>result = subprocess.run(&#39;ls -l | grep &quot;.py&quot;&#39;, shell=True, capture_output=True, text=True)<\/p>\n<p>print(result.stdout)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f7f\u7528shell=True\u65f6\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u547d\u4ee4\u6ce8\u5165\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8d85\u65f6\u63a7\u5236<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>subprocess.run()\u652f\u6301timeout\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import subprocess<\/p>\n<p>try:<\/p>\n<p>    result = subprocess.run([&#39;sleep&#39;, &#39;5&#39;], timeout=3)<\/p>\n<p>except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:<\/p>\n<p>    print(&quot;Command timed out&quot;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u4e92<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7Popen\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684stdin\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import subprocess<\/p>\n<p>process = subprocess.Popen([&#39;python3&#39;, &#39;interactive_script.py&#39;], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)<\/p>\n<p>stdout, _ = process.communicate(input=&#39;some input\\n&#39;)<\/p>\n<p>print(stdout)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e94\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u9519\u8bef\uff0csubprocess\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd4\u56de\u7801<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd4\u56de\u7801\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u5426\u6267\u884c\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import subprocess<\/p>\n<p>result = subprocess.run([&#39;ls&#39;, &#39;\/nonexistent&#39;], capture_output=True, text=True)<\/p>\n<p>if result.returncode != 0:<\/p>\n<p>    print(f&quot;Error: {result.stderr}&quot;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u5bf9\u4e8esubprocess.run()\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528check=True\u53c2\u6570\u81ea\u52a8\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import subprocess<\/p>\n<p>try:<\/p>\n<p>    result = subprocess.run([&#39;ls&#39;, &#39;\/nonexistent&#39;], check=True)<\/p>\n<p>except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:<\/p>\n<p>    print(f&quot;Error: {e.stderr}&quot;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0cPython\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u6267\u884c\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528subprocess\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> <strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7<code>subprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>subprocess.run()<\/code>\u3001<code>subprocess.Popen()<\/code>\u7b49\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528<code>subprocess.run([&#39;ls&#39;, &#39;-l&#39;])<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u5728\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u6355\u83b7\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4f7f\u7528<code>subprocess.run()<\/code>\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e<code>capture_output=True<\/code>\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u50a8\u5728<code>stdout<\/code>\u548c<code>stderr<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<code>result = subprocess.run([&#39;ls&#39;], capture_output=True, text=True)<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<code>result.stdout<\/code>\u548c<code>result.stderr<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728Windows\u548cLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u4e0d\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u683c\u5f0f\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u5982<code>ls<\/code>\u548c<code>pwd<\/code>\u5e38\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u5728Windows\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662f<code>dir<\/code>\u548c<code>cd<\/code>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7f16\u5199\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u7684Python\u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528os.system()\u3001subprocess\u6a21\u5757\u3001os.po [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1013565,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1013558"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1013558"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1013558\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1013567,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1013558\/revisions\/1013567"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1013565"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1013558"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1013558"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1013558"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}