{"id":1015915,"date":"2024-12-27T12:12:03","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T04:12:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1015915.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T12:12:05","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T04:12:05","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bf%ae%e6%94%b9%e8%ae%bf%e9%97%ae%e5%85%83%e4%bb%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1015915.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u4fee\u6539\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u4ef6"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/25095624\/ef464307-7e15-4758-99ef-69c10af5ba30.webp\" alt=\"python\u5982\u4f55\u4fee\u6539\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u4ef6\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> <strong>\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u4ef6\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5c01\u88c5\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u5c01\u88c5\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9690\u85cf\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u539f\u59cb\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528<code>@property<\/code>\u548c<code>@setter<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63a7\u5236\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5c01\u88c5\u6280\u672f\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u79c1\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u5916\u90e8\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e00\u3001\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e0e\u5c5e\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5728Python\u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u51fd\u6570\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u6709<code>@property<\/code>\u548c<code>@setter<\/code>\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>1.1 \u4f7f\u7528\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e0a\u5e94\u7528\u5b83\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">def my_decorator(func):<\/p>\n<p>    def wrapper():<\/p>\n<p>        print(&quot;Something is happening before the function is called.&quot;)<\/p>\n<p>        func()<\/p>\n<p>        print(&quot;Something is happening after the function is called.&quot;)<\/p>\n<p>    return wrapper<\/p>\n<p>@my_decorator<\/p>\n<p>def say_hello():<\/p>\n<p>    print(&quot;Hello!&quot;)<\/p>\n<p>say_hello()<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c<code>my_decorator<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u5728<code>say_hello<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u524d\u540e\u6253\u5370\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>1.2 \u4f7f\u7528@property\u548c@setter<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><code>@property<\/code>\u548c<code>@setter<\/code>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u8bbf\u95ee\u666e\u901a\u5c5e\u6027\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">class MyClass:<\/p>\n<p>    def __init__(self, value):<\/p>\n<p>        self._value = value<\/p>\n<p>    @property<\/p>\n<p>    def value(self):<\/p>\n<p>        return self._value<\/p>\n<p>    @value.setter<\/p>\n<p>    def value(self, new_value):<\/p>\n<p>        if new_value &lt; 0:<\/p>\n<p>            r<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/blog\/59162.html\" target=\"_blank\">AI<\/a>se ValueError(&quot;Value cannot be negative&quot;)<\/p>\n<p>        self._value = new_value<\/p>\n<p>obj = MyClass(10)<\/p>\n<p>print(obj.value)  # 10<\/p>\n<p>obj.value = 20<\/p>\n<p>print(obj.value)  # 20<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c<code>value<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u901a\u8fc7<code>@property<\/code>\u548c<code>@setter<\/code>\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c5e\u6027\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e8c\u3001\u5c01\u88c5\u6280\u672f<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5c01\u88c5\u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5b83\u7528\u4e8e\u9690\u85cf\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u53ea\u66b4\u9732\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bbe\u4e3a\u79c1\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>2.1 \u4f7f\u7528\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5c5e\u6027\u540d\u524d\u52a0\u53cc\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">class EncapsulatedObject:<\/p>\n<p>    def __init__(self):<\/p>\n<p>        self.__private_attribute = &quot;This is private&quot;<\/p>\n<p>    def get_private_attribute(self):<\/p>\n<p>        return self.__private_attribute<\/p>\n<p>obj = EncapsulatedObject()<\/p>\n<p>print(obj.get_private_attribute())  # This is private<\/p>\n<h2><strong>print(obj.__private_attribute)  # AttributeError<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>2.2 \u4f7f\u7528\u79c1\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u79c1\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u53cc\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u547d\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">class EncapsulatedObject:<\/p>\n<p>    def __private_method(self):<\/p>\n<p>        print(&quot;This is a private method&quot;)<\/p>\n<p>    def public_method(self):<\/p>\n<p>        self.__private_method()<\/p>\n<p>obj = EncapsulatedObject()<\/p>\n<p>obj.public_method()  # This is a private method<\/p>\n<h2><strong>obj.__private_method()  # AttributeError<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e09\u3001\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>3.1 \u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u62a4<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5c5e\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5c01\u88c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4fdd\u62a4\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">class BankAccount:<\/p>\n<p>    def __init__(self, balance):<\/p>\n<p>        self.__balance = balance<\/p>\n<p>    @property<\/p>\n<p>    def balance(self):<\/p>\n<p>        return self.__balance<\/p>\n<p>    def deposit(self, amount):<\/p>\n<p>        if amount &gt; 0:<\/p>\n<p>            self.__balance += amount<\/p>\n<p>        else:<\/p>\n<p>            raise ValueError(&quot;Deposit amount must be positive&quot;)<\/p>\n<p>    def withdraw(self, amount):<\/p>\n<p>        if 0 &lt; amount &lt;= self.__balance:<\/p>\n<p>            self.__balance -= amount<\/p>\n<p>        else:<\/p>\n<p>            raise ValueError(&quot;Invalid withdraw amount&quot;)<\/p>\n<p>account = BankAccount(100)<\/p>\n<p>account.deposit(50)<\/p>\n<p>print(account.balance)  # 150<\/p>\n<p>account.withdraw(30)<\/p>\n<p>print(account.balance)  # 120<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>3.2 \u63a7\u5236\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5c5e\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u503c\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">class Person:<\/p>\n<p>    def __init__(self, age):<\/p>\n<p>        self._age = age<\/p>\n<p>    @property<\/p>\n<p>    def age(self):<\/p>\n<p>        return self._age<\/p>\n<p>    @age.setter<\/p>\n<p>    def age(self, new_age):<\/p>\n<p>        if new_age &gt; 0:<\/p>\n<p>            self._age = new_age<\/p>\n<p>        else:<\/p>\n<p>            raise ValueError(&quot;Age must be positive&quot;)<\/p>\n<p>person = Person(30)<\/p>\n<p>print(person.age)  # 30<\/p>\n<p>person.age = 35<\/p>\n<p>print(person.age)  # 35<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u56db\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4fee\u6539Python\u4e2d\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5c01\u88c5\u6280\u672f\u3002<strong>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u539f\u59cb\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u529f\u80fd\uff1b\u5c5e\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7<code>@property<\/code>\u548c<code>@setter<\/code>\u63a7\u5236\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\uff1b\u5c01\u88c5\u6280\u672f\u901a\u8fc7\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u5bf9\u8c61\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/strong> \u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> <strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u4ef6\u7684\u4fee\u6539\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u5c5e\u6027\u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff08\u5982@property\uff09\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u4ef6\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2agetter\u548csetter\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u5c5e\u6027\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6216\u683c\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u4fee\u6539\u7c7b\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u4ef6\uff1f<\/strong><br 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