{"id":1023496,"date":"2024-12-30T14:05:36","date_gmt":"2024-12-30T06:05:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1023496.html"},"modified":"2024-12-30T14:05:38","modified_gmt":"2024-12-30T06:05:38","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0python%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e9%87%87%e9%9b%86-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1023496.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u5b66\u4e60python\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u5b66\u4e60python\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\"<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u5b66\u4e60Python\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5b66\u4e60Python\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u638c\u63e1Python\u57fa\u7840\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93\u3001\u4e86\u89e3HTML\u4e0eXPath\u3001\u719f\u6089\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u6e05\u6d17\u3001\u9075\u5b88\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u3002<\/strong> \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u638c\u63e1Python\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u638c\u63e1\u4e86Python\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u77e5\u8bc6\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5e93\u548c\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u638c\u63e1Python\u57fa\u7840<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5b66\u4e60Python\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u638c\u63e1Python\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002Python\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u6613\u4e8e\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u8bed\u6cd5\u7b80\u6d01\u4e14\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u3002\u638c\u63e1Python\u57fa\u7840\u5305\u62ec\u5b66\u4e60\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5982\u5faa\u73af\u4e0e\u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\uff09\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002Python\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6574\u6570\uff08int\uff09\u3001\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff08float\uff09\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08str\uff09\u3001\u5217\u8868\uff08list\uff09\u3001\u5b57\u5178\uff08dict\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u53ca\u5176\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7f16\u5199Python\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u63a7\u5236\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u6307\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u7a0b\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\uff08if-else\uff09\u548c\u5faa\u73af\u8bed\u53e5\uff08for\u3001while\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u662f\u7f16\u5199\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u6a21\u5757<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

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4\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u6307\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u91c7\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u638c\u63e1\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u7684\u91c7\u96c6\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93\u5305\u62ecrequests\u548curllib\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001requests\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

requests\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u53d1\u9001GET\u3001POST\u7b49\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u3002requests\u5e93\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7requests.get(url)\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aGET\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7response.text\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2\u3001urllib\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

urllib\u5e93\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406URL\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u89e3\u6790URL\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u867d\u7136urllib\u5e93\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7urllib.request.urlopen(url)\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aGET\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7response.read()\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u4e86\u89e3HTML\u4e0eXPath<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u901a\u5e38\u662fHTML\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u6790HTML\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4e86\u89e3HTML\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548cXPath\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001HTML\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

HTML\uff08\u8d85\u6587\u672c\u6807\u8bb0\u8bed\u8a00\uff09\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u5305\u62ec\u6807\u7b7e\uff08\u5982div\u3001span\u3001a\u7b49\uff09\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u5982class\u3001id\u7b49\uff09\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u89e3HTML\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2\u3001XPath\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

XPath\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u5728XML\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8eHTML\u6587\u6863\u3002\u901a\u8fc7XPath\u8bed\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u63d0\u53d6HTML\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\/\/div[@class='example']\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6240\u6709class\u5c5e\u6027\u4e3aexample\u7684div\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u719f\u6089\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u7b80\u5316\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6\u5305\u62ecScrapy\u548cBeautifulSoup\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001Scrapy\u6846\u67b6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

Scrapy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7Scrapy\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u722c\u866b\u9879\u76ee\u3002Scrapy\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u89e3\u6790\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u652f\u6301\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u722c\u866b\u548c\u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u3002\u901a\u8fc7Scrapy\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2\u3001BeautifulSoup\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

BeautifulSoup\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u548cXML\u6587\u6863\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7BeautifulSoup\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u63d0\u53d6\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002BeautifulSoup\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u6790\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7soup.find_all('a')\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7684a\u6807\u7b7e\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u6e05\u6d17<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u6e05\u6d17\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u662f\u6307\u5c06\u91c7\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u662f\u6307\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u548c\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u662f\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u91c7\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3aCSV\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230SQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7b49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7pandas\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3aCSV\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u901a\u8fc7SQLite\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u662f\u6307\u5bf9\u91c7\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u548c\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u53bb\u9664\u65e0\u6548\u6570\u636e\u3001\u586b\u8865\u7f3a\u5931\u6570\u636e\u3001\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u3002\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6e05\u6d17\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u62ecpandas\u5e93\u548cOpenRefine\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u9075\u5b88\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u65f6\uff0c\u9075\u5b88\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u53ef\u80fd\u4fb5\u72af\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u6216\u9690\u79c1\u6743\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u548c\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684robots.txt\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u533a\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u9075\u5b88\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6b27\u76df\u5730\u533a\uff0cGDPR\uff08\u901a\u7528\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u62a4\u6761\u4f8b\uff09\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u6570\u636e\u7684\u91c7\u96c6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0cCOPPA\uff08\u513f\u7ae5\u5728\u7ebf\u9690\u79c1\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u6848\uff09\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u6570\u636e\u7684\u91c7\u96c6\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2\u3001robots.txt\u534f\u8bae<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

robots.txt\u662f\u7f51\u7ad9\u7528\u4e8e\u58f0\u660e\u5141\u8bb8\u6216\u7981\u6b62\u722c\u866b\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7f51\u7ad9\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u722c\u866b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684robots.txt\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u7f51\u7ad9\u9020\u6210\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u6790robots.txt\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u54ea\u4e9b\u9875\u9762\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u6216\u7981\u6b62\u722c\u866b\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e03\u3001\u5b9e\u6218\u9879\u76ee<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u6218\u9879\u76ee\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6240\u5b66\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u5b9e\u9645\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u638c\u63e1\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5b9e\u6218\u9879\u76ee\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u65b0\u95fb\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u65b0\u95fb\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u91c7\u96c6\u65b0\u95fb\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u65b0\u95fb\u5206\u6790\u3001\u8206\u60c5\u76d1\u63a7\u7b49\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b0\u95fb\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001HTML\u89e3\u6790\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u7b49\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7requests\u5e93\u83b7\u53d6\u65b0\u95fb\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u9875\u9762\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7BeautifulSoup\u5e93\u89e3\u6790\u6587\u7ae0\u6807\u9898\u3001\u53d1\u5e03\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6b63\u6587\u7b49\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u7535\u5546\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u7535\u5546\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u91c7\u96c6\u7535\u5546\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u4ef7\u683c\u76d1\u63a7\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u7535\u5546\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001HTML\u89e3\u6790\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u7b49\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7Scrapy\u6846\u67b6\u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u7535\u5546\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u5217\u8868\u9875\u548c\u8be6\u60c5\u9875\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u89e3\u6790\u5546\u54c1\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u4ef7\u683c\u3001\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u91c7\u96c6\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u3001\u8206\u60c5\u76d1\u63a7\u7b49\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1API\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u6570\u636e\u89e3\u6790\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u7b49\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7Twitter API\u83b7\u53d6Twitter\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u63a8\u6587\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u89e3\u6790\u63a8\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u53d1\u5e03\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u516b\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4ece\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u662f\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u62ecpandas\u3001matplotlib\u3001seaborn\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u662f\u6307\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u62ecpandas\u5e93\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7pandas\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u3001\u6e05\u6d17\u3001\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7pandas\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6307\u6807\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u548c\u805a\u5408\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u548c\u7b5b\u9009\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u662f\u6307\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u56fe\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c55\u793a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u62ecmatplotlib\u548cseaborn\u5e93\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed8\u5236\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u56fe\u8868\uff0c\u5982\u6298\u7ebf\u56fe\u3001\u67f1\u72b6\u56fe\u3001\u6563\u70b9\u56fe\u3001\u70ed\u529b\u56fe\u7b49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7matplotlib\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed8\u5236\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u56fe\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7seaborn\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed8\u5236\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e5d\u3001\u6301\u7eed\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6301\u7eed\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u4ee5\u638c\u63e1\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u6301\u7eed\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u5173\u6ce8\u6280\u672f\u52a8\u6001<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

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2\u3001\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

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3\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u9879\u76ee\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

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\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60Python\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1Python\u57fa\u7840\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93\u3001\u4e86\u89e3HTML\u4e0eXPath\u3001\u719f\u6089\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u6e05\u6d17\u3001\u9075\u5b88\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u6218\u9879\u76ee\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u3001\u6301\u7eed\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff0c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u548c\u5206\u6790\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

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