{"id":1027302,"date":"2024-12-31T10:49:49","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T02:49:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1027302.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T10:49:53","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T02:49:53","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%8e%b7%e5%8f%96%e9%9d%9e%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84%e5%8c%96%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1027302.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u53d6\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u53d6\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\"<\/p>\n

Python\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u53d6\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u83b7\u53d6\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528web scraping\u3001API\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\uff08NLP\uff09\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u7b49\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cweb scraping\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5feb\u901f\u638c\u63e1\u83b7\u53d6\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001WEB SCRAPING<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Web scraping\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002Python\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884cweb scraping\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662fBeautifulSoup\u548cScrapy\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001BeautifulSoup<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

BeautifulSoup\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u548cXML\u6587\u6863\u7684Python\u5e93\u3002\u5b83\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u6790\u6811\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u4ece\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import requests<\/p>\n
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h2>\n
url = 'http:\/\/example.com'<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u6790HTML\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6807\u9898\u6807\u7b7e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
titles = soup.find_all('h1')<\/p>\n
for title in titles:<\/p>\n
    print(title.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u89e3\u6790HTML\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6807\u9898\u6807\u7b7e\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001Scrapy<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Scrapy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8eweb scraping\u548cweb\u722c\u866b\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u5b83\u6bd4BeautifulSoup\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528Scrapy\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import scrapy<\/p>\n
class ExampleSpider(scrapy.Spider):<\/p>\n
    name = 'example'<\/p>\n
    start_urls = ['http:\/\/example.com']<\/p>\n
    def parse(self, response):<\/p>\n
        for title in response.css('h1'):<\/p>\n
            yield {'title': title.css('::text').get()}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aSpider\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86parse\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728parse\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528CSS\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6807\u9898\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u6807\u9898\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001API\u8c03\u7528<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bb8\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u548c\u5728\u7ebf\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9bAPI\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7API\u8c03\u7528\u83b7\u53d6\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\u3002Python\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884cAPI\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662frequests\u548chttp.client\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
requests\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684HTTP\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u8c03\u7528API\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h2>\n
url = 'https:\/\/api.example.com\/data'<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u6790JSON\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/h2>\n
data = response.json()<\/p>\n
print(data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u89e3\u6790JSON\u54cd\u5e94\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528http.client\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
http.client\u5e93\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528http.client\u5e93\u8c03\u7528API\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import http.client<\/p>\n
import json<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn = http.client.HTTPSConnection("api.example.com")<\/p>\n
conn.request("GET", "\/data")<\/p>\n
response = conn.getresponse()<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u6790JSON\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/h2>\n
data = json.loads(response.read().decode())<\/p>\n
print(data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528http.client\u5e93\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u89e3\u6790JSON\u54cd\u5e94\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\uff08NLP\uff09<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\uff08NLP\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002Python\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884cNLP\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662fNLTK\u548cspaCy\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001NLTK<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
NLTK\uff08Natural Language Toolkit\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u6570\u636e\u7684Python\u5e93\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528NLTK\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import nltk<\/p>\n
from nltk.tokenize import word_tokenize<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u8f7dNLTK\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
nltk.download('punkt')<\/p>\n
\u5206\u8bcd<\/strong><\/h2>\n
text = "Hello, world! This is a test."<\/p>\n
tokens = word_tokenize(text)<\/p>\n
print(tokens)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4e86NLTK\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528word_tokenize\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6210\u5355\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001spaCy<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
spaCy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u7ea7\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u7684Python\u5e93\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528spaCy\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import spacy<\/p>\n
\u52a0\u8f7dspaCy\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
nlp = spacy.load("en_core_web_sm")<\/p>\n
\u5206\u6790\u6587\u672c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
text = "Hello, world! This is a test."<\/p>\n
doc = nlp(text)<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u53d6\u5b9e\u4f53<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for entity in doc.ents:<\/p>\n
    print(entity.text, entity.label_)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e86spaCy\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528nlp\u51fd\u6570\u5206\u6790\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u63d0\u53d6\u5b9e\u4f53\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u672c\u548c\u6807\u7b7e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u3001PDF\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u56fe\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6\u3002Python\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u8bfb\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
    # \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
    content = file.read()<\/p>\n
    print(content)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528open\u51fd\u6570\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528read\u51fd\u6570\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6PDF\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6PDF\u6587\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982PyPDF2\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528PyPDF2\u8bfb\u53d6PDF\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import PyPDF2<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5f00PDF\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
with open('example.pdf', 'rb') as file:<\/p>\n
    # \u521b\u5efaPDF\u8bfb\u53d6\u5668<\/p>\n
    reader = PyPDF2.PdfFileReader(file)<\/p>\n
    # \u8bfb\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e00\u9875\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
    page = reader.getPage(0)<\/p>\n
    content = page.extract_text()<\/p>\n
    print(content)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528open\u51fd\u6570\u6253\u5f00PDF\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528PyPDF2\u521b\u5efaPDF\u8bfb\u53d6\u5668\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u63d0\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e00\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u56fe\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6\u56fe\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982PIL\uff08Pillow\uff09\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528PIL\u8bfb\u53d6\u56fe\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from PIL import Image<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5f00\u56fe\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
image = Image.open('example.jpg')<\/p>\n
\u663e\u793a\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
image.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528Image.open\u51fd\u6570\u6253\u5f00\u56fe\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528show\u51fd\u6570\u663e\u793a\u56fe\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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