{"id":1030130,"date":"2024-12-31T11:14:28","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T03:14:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1030130.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T11:14:31","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T03:14:31","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%b0%86%e5%9b%be%e7%89%87%e8%bd%ac%e5%8c%96%e4%b8%ba%e7%9f%a9%e9%98%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1030130.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u77e9\u9635"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u77e9\u9635\"<\/p>\n

Python\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528PIL\u5e93\u3001OpenCV\u5e93\u548cNumPy\u5e93<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528PIL\uff08Python Imaging Library\uff09\u548cNumPy\u5e93\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7PIL\u5e93\u8bfb\u53d6\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7NumPy\u5e93\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4<\/strong>\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528PIL\u548cNumPy<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

PIL\uff08Python Imaging Library\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6253\u5f00\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u3002NumPy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e93\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u5b89\u88c5\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86PIL\u548cNumPy\u5e93\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install pillow numpy<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u8bfb\u53d6\u56fe\u7247\u5e76\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u77e9\u9635<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6f14\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528PIL\u548cNumPy\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u77e9\u9635\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from PIL import Image<\/p>\n
import numpy as np<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5f00\u56fe\u7247<\/strong><\/h2>\n
image = Image.open('example.jpg')<\/p>\n
\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7070\u5ea6\u56fe\u50cf\uff08\u53ef\u9009\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n
image = image.convert('L')<\/p>\n
\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aNumPy\u6570\u7ec4<\/strong><\/h2>\n
image_matrix = np.array(image)<\/p>\n
print(image_matrix)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528Image.open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6253\u5f00\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528convert('L')<\/code>\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7070\u5ea6\u56fe\u50cf\uff08\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5f69\u8272\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8df3\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\uff09\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aNumPy\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684image_matrix<\/code>\u5373\u4e3a\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u77e9\u9635\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528OpenCV\u548cNumPy<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
OpenCV\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u89c6\u89c9\u5e93\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u7ed3\u5408NumPy\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5b9e\u73b0\u56fe\u7247\u5230\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5b89\u88c5\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86OpenCV\u548cNumPy\u5e93\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install opencv-python numpy<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u8bfb\u53d6\u56fe\u7247\u5e76\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u77e9\u9635<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528OpenCV\u548cNumPy\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import cv2<\/p>\n
import numpy as np<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6\u56fe\u7247<\/strong><\/h2>\n
image = cv2.imread('example.jpg', cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)<\/p>\n
\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aNumPy\u6570\u7ec4<\/strong><\/h2>\n
image_matrix = np.array(image)<\/p>\n
print(image_matrix)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528cv2.imread()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8bfb\u53d6\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE<\/code>\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e3a\u7070\u5ea6\u56fe\u50cf\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aNumPy\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684image_matrix<\/code>\u5373\u4e3a\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u77e9\u9635\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u77e9\u9635\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u77e9\u9635\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u77e9\u9635\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u77e9\u9635\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u8ba1\u7b97\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5f62\u72b6<\/p>\n
print("Shape:", image_matrix.shape)<\/p>\n
\u8ba1\u7b97\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5747\u503c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
mean_value = np.mean(image_matrix)<\/p>\n
print("Mean:", mean_value)<\/p>\n
\u8ba1\u7b97\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5dee<\/strong><\/h2>\n
std_value = np.std(image_matrix)<\/p>\n
print("Standard Deviation:", std_value)<\/p>\n
\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u8f6c\u7f6e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
transpose_matrix = np.transpose(image_matrix)<\/p>\n
print("Transpose Matrix:", transpose_matrix)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u5e94\u7528<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u77e9\u9635\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u4e8c\u503c\u5316<\/p>\n
threshold = 128<\/p>\n
binary_image = (image_matrix > threshold) * 255<\/p>\n
\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u68c0\u6d4b\uff08\u4f7f\u7528Sobel\u7b97\u5b50\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n
sobel_x = cv2.Sobel(image_matrix, cv2.CV_64F, 1, 0, ksize=3)<\/p>\n
sobel_y = cv2.Sobel(image_matrix, cv2.CV_64F, 0, 1, ksize=3)<\/p>\n
edges = np.hypot(sobel_x, sobel_y)<\/p>\n
\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u5904\u7406\uff08\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u65af\u6a21\u7cca\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n
blurred_image = cv2.GaussianBlur(image_matrix, (5, 5), 0)<\/p>\n
\u663e\u793a\u5904\u7406\u540e\u7684\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cv2.imshow('Binary Image', binary_image)<\/p>\n
cv2.imshow('Edges', edges)<\/p>\n
cv2.imshow('Blurred Image', blurred_image)<\/p>\n
cv2.wAI<\/a>tKey(0)<\/p>\n
cv2.destroyAllWindows()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7PIL\u3001OpenCV\u548cNumPy\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u77e9\u9635\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b<\/strong>\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u77e9\u9635\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\uff0cPython\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5e93\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u77e9\u9635\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u5e93\u6765\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982NumPy\u548cPIL\uff08Pillow\uff09\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Pillow\u5e93\u6253\u5f00\u56fe\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aNumPy\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a  <\/p>\n
from PIL import Image\nimport numpy as np\n\n# \u6253\u5f00\u56fe\u50cf\nimg = Image.open('image.jpg')\n\n# \u5c06\u56fe\u50cf\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aNumPy\u6570\u7ec4\nimg_matrix = np.array(img)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u56fe\u50cf\u52a0\u8f7d\u5e76\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u50cf\u7d20\u7684RGB\u503c\u5c06\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8f6c\u6362\u540e\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\uff1f<\/strong>
\u8f6c\u6362\u540e\u7684\u77e9\u9635\u7ef4\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u989c\u8272\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662fRGB\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u8f6c\u6362\u540e\u7684\u77e9\u9635\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5f62\u72b6\u4e3a(\u9ad8\u5ea6, \u5bbd\u5ea6, 3)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d3\u8868\u793a\u7ea2\u8272\u3001\u7eff\u8272\u548c\u84dd\u8272\u901a\u9053\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u7070\u5ea6\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u77e9\u9635\u5c06\u662f\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7684\uff0c\u5f62\u72b6\u4e3a(\u9ad8\u5ea6, \u5bbd\u5ea6)\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8f6c\u6362\u540e\u7684\u77e9\u9635\u6570\u636e\uff1f<\/strong>
\u8f6c\u6362\u540e\u7684\u77e9\u9635\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u89c6\u89c9\u548c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60<\/a>\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u77e9\u9635\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8fdb\u884c\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u5904\u7406\u3001\u5207\u7247\u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u533a\u57df\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u6ee4\u6ce2\u5668\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u5f81\u63d0\u53d6\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u77e9\u9635\u91cd\u65b0\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u56fe\u7247\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5c06\u77e9\u9635\u91cd\u65b0\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u56fe\u7247\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528PIL\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684Image.fromarray()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a  <\/p>\n
img_back = Image.fromarray(img_matrix)\nimg_back.save('output_image.jpg')\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
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