{"id":1030635,"date":"2024-12-31T11:18:43","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T03:18:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1030635.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T11:18:45","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T03:18:45","slug":"python-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%b0%81%e8%a3%85%e6%88%90exe%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e5%a4%b9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1030635.html","title":{"rendered":"python \u5982\u4f55\u5c01\u88c5\u6210exe\u6587\u4ef6\u5939"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-docs.pingcode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/7edb63b9-8870-4275-b743-88da436c00f0.webp?x-oss-process=image\/auto-orient,1\/format,webp\" alt=\"python \u5982\u4f55\u5c01\u88c5\u6210exe\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> <strong>Python \u5982\u4f55\u5c01\u88c5\u6210exe\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u8981\u5c06 Python \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c01\u88c5\u6210 exe \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 PyInstaller\u3001py2exe \u548c cx_Freeze \u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/strong> \u5728\u8fd9\u51e0\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u4e2d\uff0cPyInstaller \u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u548c\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 PyInstaller \u5c06 Python \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c01\u88c5\u6210 exe \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e00\u3001\u5b89\u88c5 PyInstaller<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5 PyInstaller\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 pip \u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-bash\">pip install pyinstaller<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 PyInstaller \u5c01\u88c5 Python \u7a0b\u5e8f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c PyInstaller \u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06 Python \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c01\u88c5\u6210 exe \u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-bash\">pyinstaller your_script.py<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u751f\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939 <code>build<\/code> \u548c <code>dist<\/code>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u683c\u8bf4\u660e\u6587\u4ef6 <code>your_script.spec<\/code>\u3002<code>dist<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u751f\u6210\u7684 exe \u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>2\u3001\u5355\u4e2a exe \u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5305\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684 exe \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 <code>--onefile<\/code> \u9009\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-bash\">pyinstaller --onefile your_script.py<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>3\u3001\u65e0\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u7a97\u53e3<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u7684 Python \u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a GUI \u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 <code>--noconsole<\/code> \u9009\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-bash\">pyinstaller --onefile --noconsole your_script.py<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>4\u3001\u6307\u5b9a\u56fe\u6807<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u60a8\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u751f\u6210\u7684 exe \u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u6807\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <code>--icon<\/code> \u9009\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-bash\">pyinstaller --onefile --noconsole --icon=your_icon.ico your_script.py<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e09\u3001\u914d\u7f6e .spec \u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 PyInstaller \u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9700\u8981\u5305\u542b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u751f\u6210\u7684 .spec \u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1\u3001\u4fee\u6539 .spec \u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u751f\u6210 .spec \u6587\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u5b83\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5305\u542b\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">a = Analysis([&#39;your_script.py&#39;],<\/p>\n<p>             pathex=[&#39;\/path\/to\/your_script&#39;],<\/p>\n<p>             binaries=[],<\/p>\n<p>             datas=[(&#39;data_file&#39;, &#39;destination&#39;)],<\/p>\n<p>             hiddenimports=[],<\/p>\n<p>             hookspath=[],<\/p>\n<p>             runtime_hooks=[],<\/p>\n<p>             excludes=[],<\/p>\n<p>             win_no_prefer_redirects=False,<\/p>\n<p>             win_private_assemblies=False,<\/p>\n<p>             cipher=block_cipher,<\/p>\n<p>             noarchive=False)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728 <code>datas<\/code> \u9009\u9879\u4e2d\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684 .spec \u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4fee\u6539 .spec \u6587\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u65b0\u751f\u6210 exe \u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-bash\">pyinstaller your_script.spec<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 PyInstaller \u5c01\u88c5 Python \u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u5176\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1\u3001\u7f3a\u5c11\u6a21\u5757<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5982\u679c\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u751f\u6210\u7684 exe \u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u9047\u5230\u7f3a\u5c11\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 .spec \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u624b\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u5230 <code>hiddenimports<\/code> \u9009\u9879\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">hiddenimports=[&#39;missing_module1&#39;, &#39;missing_module2&#39;]<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>2\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6a21\u5757<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u6709\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\uff0cPyInstaller \u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u81ea\u52a8\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 .spec \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u624b\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u5230 <code>hiddenimports<\/code> \u9009\u9879\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">hiddenimports=[&#39;dynamic_module1&#39;, &#39;dynamic_module2&#39;]<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>3\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u5c01\u88c5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u540c\u6b65\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 <code>sys._MEIPASS<\/code> \u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6b63\u786e\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import sys<\/p>\n<p>import os<\/p>\n<p>if hasattr(sys, &#39;_MEIPASS&#39;):<\/p>\n<p>    base_path = sys._MEIPASS<\/p>\n<p>else:<\/p>\n<p>    base_path = os.path.abspath(&quot;.&quot;)<\/p>\n<p>data_file_path = os.path.join(base_path, &#39;data_file&#39;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e94\u3001\u6253\u5305\u540e\u7684\u4f18\u5316<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u751f\u6210 exe \u6587\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u6216\u63d0\u9ad8\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1\u3001\u5254\u9664\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6a21\u5757<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 .spec \u6587\u4ef6\u7684 <code>excludes<\/code> \u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u751f\u6210\u7684 exe \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">excludes=[&#39;unnecessary_module1&#39;, &#39;unnecessary_module2&#39;]<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>2\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 .spec \u6587\u4ef6\u7684 <code>noarchive<\/code> \u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a <code>True<\/code>\uff0c\u4ee5\u538b\u7f29\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">noarchive=True<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>3\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 UPX \u538b\u7f29<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 UPX \u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u538b\u7f29\u751f\u6210\u7684 exe \u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 UPX\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728 PyInstaller \u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0 <code>--upx-dir<\/code> \u9009\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-bash\">pyinstaller --onefile --noconsole --upx-dir=\/path\/to\/upx your_script.py<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u516d\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u53d1\u5e03<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u751f\u6210 exe \u6587\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5145\u5206\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7248\u672c\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u5e38\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u8fd0\u884c<\/li>\n<li>\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u6216\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38<\/li>\n<li>\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><h4>2\u3001\u53d1\u5e03<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u751f\u6210\u7684 exe 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