{"id":1031182,"date":"2024-12-31T11:23:24","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T03:23:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1031182.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T11:23:26","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T03:23:26","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%8e%b7%e5%8f%96%e7%bd%91%e9%a1%b5%e8%af%b7%e6%b1%82%e7%9a%84%e5%93%8d%e5%ba%94%e7%a0%81python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1031182.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u7801python"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u7801python\"<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u3001\u4f7f\u7528urllib\u5e93\u3001\u5229\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u5982http.client\u7b49<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u4e14\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684API\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u6613\u7528\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u7801<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

requests\u5e93\u662fPython\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684HTTP\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5requests\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7pip\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install requests<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
url = 'http:\/\/example.com'<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
print(response.status_code)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
requests\u5e93\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u6027\u548c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u7801\u5916\uff0crequests\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u5176\u4ed6HTTP\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5982POST\u3001PUT\u3001DELETE\u7b49\uff09\u3001\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\u3001SSL\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u573a\u666f\u7684\u9996\u9009\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528urllib\u5e93\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u7801<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
urllib\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5904\u7406URL\u53ca\u5176\u5404\u7c7b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f7f\u7528urllib\u5e93\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u7801\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import urllib.request<\/p>\n
url = 'http:\/\/example.com'<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)<\/p>\n
    print(response.getcode())<\/p>\n
except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:<\/p>\n
    print(e.code)<\/p>\n
except urllib.error.URLError as e:<\/p>\n
    print(e.reason)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
urllib\u5e93\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u5e93\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u5b89\u88c5<\/strong>\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8erequests\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u7684API\u7a0d\u663e\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u4e0d\u5982requests\u5e93\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528http.client\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u7801<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
http.client\u5e93\u4e5f\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4f4e\u7ea7\u522b\u7684HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u5904\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f7f\u7528http.client\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u7801\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import http.client<\/p>\n
conn = http.client.HTTPConnection("example.com")<\/p>\n
conn.request("GET", "\/")<\/p>\n
response = conn.getresponse()<\/p>\n
print(response.status)<\/p>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
http.client\u5e93\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u66f4\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u63a7\u5236<\/strong>\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u7b80\u5355\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0e\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. requests\u5e93<\/strong>\uff1a\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5927\u591a\u6570\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. urllib\u5e93<\/strong>\uff1aPython\u5185\u7f6e\u5e93\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. http.client\u5e93<\/strong>\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f4e\u7ea7\u522b\u7684HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u65e0\u8bba\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e93\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u9700\u7b80\u5355\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u7801\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528urllib\u6216http.client\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e94\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u529f\u80fd<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    1\u3001\u5904\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u9875\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u3002requests\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u524d\u540e\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5982\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import requests<\/p>\n
    url = 'http:\/\/example.com'<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get(url, allow_redirects=False)<\/p>\n
    if 300 <= response.status_code < 400:<\/p>\n
        print('Initial response code:', response.status_code)<\/p>\n
        redirect_url = response.headers['Location']<\/p>\n
        response = requests.get(redirect_url)<\/p>\n
    print('Final response code:', response.status_code)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    2\u3001\u5904\u7406HTTPS\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    requests\u5e93\u9ed8\u8ba4\u652f\u6301HTTPS\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49SSL\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import requests<\/p>\n
    url = 'https:\/\/example.com'<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get(url, verify='\/path\/to\/certfile')<\/p>\n
    print(response.status_code)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u516d\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u8d85\u65f6\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u3002requests\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7try-except\u5757\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import requests<\/p>\n
    url = 'http:\/\/example.com'<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        response = requests.get(url, timeout=5)<\/p>\n
        print(response.status_code)<\/p>\n
    except requests.exceptions.Timeout:<\/p>\n
        print('Request timed out')<\/p>\n
    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:<\/p>\n
        print('Request fAI<\/a>led:', e)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e03\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    requests\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5982cookies\u3001headers\u7b49\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bf7\u6c42\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5e76\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u4f1a\u8bdd\u72b6\u6001\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import requests<\/p>\n
    session = requests.Session()<\/p>\n
    session.headers.update({'User-Agent': 'my-app\/0.0.1'})<\/p>\n
    url = 'http:\/\/example.com'<\/p>\n
    response = session.get(url)<\/p>\n
    print(response.status_code)<\/p>\n
    response = session.get('http:\/\/example.com\/another-page')<\/p>\n
    print(response.status_code)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u516b\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u7801\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0cPython\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2drequests\u5e93\u4ee5\u5176\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u4e30\u5bcc\u6210\u4e3a\u9996\u9009\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u3001\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
     \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u83b7\u53d6HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b89\u88c5\u5e76\u5bfc\u5165\u8be5\u5e93\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u53d1\u9001GET\u6216POST\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684status_code<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u83b7\u53d6\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
    import requests\n\nresponse = requests.get('https:\/\/www.example.com')\nprint(response.status_code)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5728Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7684HTTP\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u4e0d\u540c\u7684HTTP\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u5305\u62ec200\uff08\u6210\u529f\uff09\u3001404\uff08\u672a\u627e\u5230\uff09\u548c500\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u662f404\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u51fa\u4e00\u6761\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u5982\u679c\u662f200\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
    if response.status_code == 200:\n    print("\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e")\nelif response.status_code == 404:\n    print("\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u9875\u9762\u672a\u627e\u5230")\nelse:\n    print(f"\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff1a{response.status_code}")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u9664\u4e86\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u83b7\u53d6\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbf\u95eeresponse.elapsed<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2atimedelta<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6548\u7387\u6216\u8c03\u8bd5\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get('https:\/\/www.example.com')\nprint(f"\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4: {response.elapsed.total_seconds()}\u79d2")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u7528Python\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u3001\u4f7f\u7528urllib\u5e93\u3001\u5229\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1031186,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1031182"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1031182"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1031182\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1031189,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1031182\/revisions\/1031189"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1031186"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1031182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1031182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1031182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}