{"id":1031664,"date":"2024-12-31T11:27:19","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T03:27:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1031664.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T11:27:22","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T03:27:22","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8python%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e8%87%aa%e5%8a%a8%e5%8c%96%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1031664.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\"<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u7528Python\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u96c6\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5316<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u63d0\u5347\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982unittest\u3001pytest\u548cnose2\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6846\u67b6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4fbf\u6377\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u6267\u884c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. unittest\u6846\u67b6<\/p>\n

    unittest\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eJava\u7684JUnit\u3002\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5957\u4ef6\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u6536\u96c6\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f7f\u7528unittest\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u6279\u91cf\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/p>\n<\/ol>\n

    import unittest<\/p>\n
    class TestStringMethods(unittest.TestCase):<\/p>\n
        def test_upper(self):<\/p>\n
            self.assertEqual('foo'.upper(), 'FOO')<\/p>\n
        def test_isupper(self):<\/p>\n
            self.assertTrue('FOO'.isupper())<\/p>\n
            self.assertFalse('Foo'.isupper())<\/p>\n
        def test_split(self):<\/p>\n
            s = 'hello world'<\/p>\n
            self.assertEqual(s.split(), ['hello', 'world'])<\/p>\n
            with self.assertRAI<\/a>ses(TypeError):<\/p>\n
                s.split(2)<\/p>\n
    if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
        unittest.main()<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. pytest\u6846\u67b6<\/p>\n
      pytest\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\u652f\u6301\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001fixture\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u63d2\u4ef6\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/p>\n<\/ol>\n
      def test_upper():<\/p>\n
          assert 'foo'.upper() == 'FOO'<\/p>\n
      def test_isupper():<\/p>\n
          assert 'FOO'.isupper()<\/p>\n
          assert not 'Foo'.isupper()<\/p>\n
      def test_split():<\/p>\n
          s = 'hello world'<\/p>\n
          assert s.split() == ['hello', 'world']<\/p>\n
          with pytest.raises(TypeError):<\/p>\n
              s.split(2)<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. nose2\u6846\u67b6<\/p>\n
        nose2\u662fnose\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u8005\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u6267\u884c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002nose2\u80fd\u591f\u4e0eunittest\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8fc1\u79fb\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/p>\n<\/ol>\n
        import unittest<\/p>\n
        class TestStringMethods(unittest.TestCase):<\/p>\n
            def test_upper(self):<\/p>\n
                self.assertEqual('foo'.upper(), 'FOO')<\/p>\n
            def test_isupper(self):<\/p>\n
                self.assertTrue('FOO'.isupper())<\/p>\n
                self.assertFalse('Foo'.isupper())<\/p>\n
            def test_split(self):<\/p>\n
                s = 'hello world'<\/p>\n
                self.assertEqual(s.split(), ['hello', 'world'])<\/p>\n
                with self.assertRaises(TypeError):<\/p>\n
                    s.split(2)<\/p>\n
        if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
            unittest.main()<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \u4e8c\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u73af\u8282\u3002\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u5e94\u6db5\u76d6\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u8fb9\u754c\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n
          \u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u80fd\u591f\u8986\u76d6\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u9884\u671f\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/p>\n<\/ol>\n
          def test_add():<\/p>\n
              assert add(2, 3) == 5<\/p>\n
              assert add(-1, 1) == 0<\/p>\n
              assert add(0, 0) == 0<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \u8fb9\u754c\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n
            \u8fb9\u754c\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u6307\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u503c\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u9650\u3001\u7a7a\u503c\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u3002\u7f16\u5199\u8fb9\u754c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/p>\n<\/ol>\n
            def test_add_boundary():<\/p>\n
                assert add(999999999, 1) == 1000000000<\/p>\n
                assert add(-999999999, -1) == -1000000000<\/p>\n
                assert add(0, 0) == 0<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            1. \u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n
              \u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u6307\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u9047\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u5f02\u5e38\u6761\u4ef6\u65f6\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u7f16\u5199\u5f02\u5e38\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/p>\n<\/ol>\n
              def test_add_exception():<\/p>\n
                  with pytest.raises(TypeError):<\/p>\n
                      add('a', 1)<\/p>\n
                  with pytest.raises(ValueError):<\/p>\n
                      add(-1, -1)<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
              \u4e09\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u96c6\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \n
              1. \u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/p>\n
                \u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u6307\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u5143\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/p>\n<\/ol>\n
                def test_upper():<\/p>\n
                    assert 'foo'.upper() == 'FOO'<\/p>\n
                def test_isupper():<\/p>\n
                    assert 'FOO'.isupper()<\/p>\n
                    assert not 'Foo'.isupper()<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                  \n
                1. \u96c6\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/p>\n
                  \u96c6\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u6307\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u5143\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec4\u5408\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u548c\u6574\u4f53\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u96c6\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u5404\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<\/p>\n<\/ol>\n
                  def test_integration():<\/p>\n
                      result = process_data(load_data('input.txt'))<\/p>\n
                      assert result == 'expected_output'<\/p>\n
                  <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                  \u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5316<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  \u5728Web\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002Selenium\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u548c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u56de\u5f52\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    \n
                  1. \u5b89\u88c5Selenium<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                    \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Selenium\u5e93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7pip\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    pip install selenium<\/p>\n
                    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                      \n
                    1. \u7f16\u5199\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                      \u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u7f16\u5199\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u70b9\u51fb\u6309\u94ae\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u672c\u3001\u63d0\u4ea4\u8868\u5355\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
                      from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys<\/p>\n
                      def test_google_search():<\/p>\n
                          driver = webdriver.Chrome()<\/p>\n
                          driver.get("http:\/\/www.google.com")<\/p>\n
                          assert "Google" in driver.title<\/p>\n
                          elem = driver.find_element_by_name("q")<\/p>\n
                          elem.clear()<\/p>\n
                          elem.send_keys("Selenium")<\/p>\n
                          elem.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)<\/p>\n
                          assert "No results found." not in driver.page_source<\/p>\n
                          driver.close()<\/p>\n
                      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                      \u4e94\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                        \n
                      1. \n
                        \u4fdd\u6301\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027<\/p>\n
                        \u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                      2. \n
                        \u4f7f\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u65ad\u8a00<\/p>\n
                        \u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u9884\u671f\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u65ad\u8a00\u5e94\u8986\u76d6\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u8fb9\u754c\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                      3. \n
                        \u7f16\u5199\u6613\u8bfb\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b<\/p>\n
                        \u7f16\u5199\u6613\u8bfb\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u547d\u540d\u548c\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u5176\u4ed6\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                      4. \n
                        \u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u96c6\u6210\u5230CI\/CD<\/a>\u6d41\u7a0b<\/p>\n
                        \u5c06\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u96c6\u6210\u5230\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\/\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\uff08CI\/CD\uff09\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u6b21\u4ee3\u7801\u53d8\u66f4\u90fd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5145\u5206\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0a\u7ebf\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                      5. \n
                        \u5b9a\u671f\u7ef4\u62a4\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b<\/p>\n
                        \u5b9a\u671f\u7ef4\u62a4\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7801\u540c\u6b65\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u5220\u9664\u5197\u4f59\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                        \u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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