{"id":1035536,"date":"2024-12-31T11:59:36","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T03:59:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1035536.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T11:59:39","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T03:59:39","slug":"python%e4%b8%ad%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%8a%8a%e5%b1%9e%e6%80%a7%e5%8f%98%e4%b8%ba%e7%a7%81%e6%9c%89%e5%b1%9e%e6%80%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1035536.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u4e3a\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u4e3a\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u5c06\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbe\u4e3a\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5c5e\u6027\u540d\u524d\u52a0\u53cc\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\uff08__<\/code>\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5c06\u5c5e\u6027\u9690\u85cf\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u7c7b\u5916\u90e8\u4e0d\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u540d\u79f0\u91cd\u6574\uff08name mangling\uff09\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49getter\u548csetter\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u95f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u8981\u5c06\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbe\u4e3a\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5c5e\u6027\u540d\u524d\u52a0\u53cc\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\uff08__<\/code>\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5916\u90e8\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49getter\u548csetter\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9bgetter\u548csetter\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

class MyClass:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, value):<\/p>\n
        self.__private_attr = value<\/p>\n
    def get_private_attr(self):<\/p>\n
        return self.__private_attr<\/p>\n
    def set_private_attr(self, value):<\/p>\n
        self.__private_attr = value<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
obj = MyClass(10)<\/p>\n
print(obj.get_private_attr())  # \u8f93\u51fa: 10<\/p>\n
obj.set_private_attr(20)<\/p>\n
print(obj.get_private_attr())  # \u8f93\u51fa: 20<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001Python\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u91cd\u6574<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u540d\u79f0\u91cd\u6574\uff08name mangling\uff09\u662fPython\u7528\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u65f6\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u5728\u5c5e\u6027\u540d\u524d\u52a0\u4e0a\u7c7b\u540d\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5c5e\u6027\u540d\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7bMyClass<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027__private_attr<\/code>\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u91cd\u6574\u4e3a_MyClass__private_attr<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u540c\u540d\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class MyClass:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, value):<\/p>\n
        self.__private_attr = value<\/p>\n
obj = MyClass(10)<\/p>\n
print(obj._MyClass__private_attr)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 10<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u4e3a\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u540d\u79f0\u91cd\u6574\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u540d\u79f0\u91cd\u6574\u540e\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7c7b\u5916\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528getter\u548csetter\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49getter\u548csetter\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002getter\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd4\u56de\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u503c\uff0csetter\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8f93\u5165\u503c\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class MyClass:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, value):<\/p>\n
        self.__private_attr = value<\/p>\n
    def get_private_attr(self):<\/p>\n
        return self.__private_attr<\/p>\n
    def set_private_attr(self, value):<\/p>\n
        if isinstance(value, int) and value > 0:<\/p>\n
            self.__private_attr = value<\/p>\n
        else:<\/p>\n
            rAI<\/a>se ValueError("Value must be a positive integer.")<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
obj = MyClass(10)<\/p>\n
print(obj.get_private_attr())  # \u8f93\u51fa: 10<\/p>\n
obj.set_private_attr(20)<\/p>\n
print(obj.get_private_attr())  # \u8f93\u51fa: 20<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7getter\u548csetter\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528property\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528property<\/code>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c5e\u6027\u7684getter\u548csetter\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002property<\/code>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u65b9\u6cd5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u8bbf\u95ee\u666e\u901a\u5c5e\u6027\u4e00\u6837\u8bbf\u95eegetter\u548csetter\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class MyClass:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, value):<\/p>\n
        self.__private_attr = value<\/p>\n
    @property<\/p>\n
    def private_attr(self):<\/p>\n
        return self.__private_attr<\/p>\n
    @private_attr.setter<\/p>\n
    def private_attr(self, value):<\/p>\n
        if isinstance(value, int) and value > 0:<\/p>\n
            self.__private_attr = value<\/p>\n
        else:<\/p>\n
            raise ValueError("Value must be a positive integer.")<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
obj = MyClass(10)<\/p>\n
print(obj.private_attr)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 10<\/p>\n
obj.private_attr = 20<\/p>\n
print(obj.private_attr)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 20<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7property<\/code>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06getter\u548csetter\u65b9\u6cd5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\u548c\u6613\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u5728\u7c7b\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u6709\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5c5e\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u5c01\u88c5\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u65f6\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u9632\u6b62\u5c5e\u6027\u88ab\u968f\u610f\u4fee\u6539<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u7c7b\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5916\u90e8\u4ee3\u7801\u968f\u610f\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbe\u4e3a\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684getter\u548csetter\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class BankAccount:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, balance):<\/p>\n
        self.__balance = balance<\/p>\n
    @property<\/p>\n
    def balance(self):<\/p>\n
        return self.__balance<\/p>\n
    def deposit(self, amount):<\/p>\n
        if amount > 0:<\/p>\n
            self.__balance += amount<\/p>\n
        else:<\/p>\n
            raise ValueError("Deposit amount must be positive.")<\/p>\n
    def withdraw(self, amount):<\/p>\n
        if 0 < amount <= self.__balance:<\/p>\n
            self.__balance -= amount<\/p>\n
        else:<\/p>\n
            raise ValueError("Invalid withdraw amount.")<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
account = BankAccount(100)<\/p>\n
print(account.balance)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 100<\/p>\n
account.deposit(50)<\/p>\n
print(account.balance)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 150<\/p>\n
account.withdraw(30)<\/p>\n
print(account.balance)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 120<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u68c0\u67e5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbe\u4e3a\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5728setter\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u9a8c\u8bc1\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Person:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, age):<\/p>\n
        self.__name = name<\/p>\n
        self.__age = age<\/p>\n
    @property<\/p>\n
    def name(self):<\/p>\n
        return self.__name<\/p>\n
    @property<\/p>\n
    def age(self):<\/p>\n
        return self.__age<\/p>\n
    @age.setter<\/p>\n
    def age(self, value):<\/p>\n
        if isinstance(value, int) and value > 0:<\/p>\n
            self.__age = value<\/p>\n
        else:<\/p>\n
            raise ValueError("Age must be a positive integer.")<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
person = Person("Alice", 30)<\/p>\n
print(person.name)  # \u8f93\u51fa: Alice<\/p>\n
print(person.age)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 30<\/p>\n
person.age = 35<\/p>\n
print(person.age)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 35<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5c5e\u6027\u540d\u524d\u52a0\u53cc\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbe\u4e3a\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u5916\u90e8\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49getter\u548csetter\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528property<\/code>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5c06\u65b9\u6cd5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u5728\u7c7b\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u6709\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5c5e\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u5c01\u88c5\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbe\u4e3a\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9bgetter\u548csetter\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7f16\u5199\u51fa\u66f4\u52a0\u5065\u58ee\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbe\u4e3a\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\uff1f<\/strong>
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