{"id":1042445,"date":"2024-12-31T12:57:34","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T04:57:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1042445.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T12:57:37","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T04:57:37","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%9c%8b%e5%b7%a5%e4%bd%9c%e7%8e%af%e5%a2%83%e5%8f%98%e9%87%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1042445.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-docs.pingcode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/e47666cc-1788-447d-8d92-0fba13d62e64.webp?x-oss-process=image\/auto-orient,1\/format,webp\" alt=\"python\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> <strong>Python\u67e5\u770b\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u3001subprocess\u6a21\u5757\u3001dotenv\u5e93\u7b49\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528os.environ\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7os.getenv()\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u83b7\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0cos\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002os.environ\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6253\u5370os.environ\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>env_vars = os.environ<\/p>\n<p>for key, value in env_vars.items():<\/p>\n<p>    print(f&#39;{key}: {value}&#39;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u83b7\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u60f3\u83b7\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528os.getenv()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u83b7\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>path_var = os.getenv(&#39;PATH&#39;)<\/p>\n<p>print(f&#39;PATH: {path_var}&#39;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u9664\u4e86\u83b7\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0cos\u6a21\u5757\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65b0\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>os.environ[&#39;NEW_VAR&#39;] = &#39;my_value&#39;<\/p>\n<p>print(f&#39;NEW_VAR: {os.getenv(&quot;NEW_VAR&quot;)}&#39;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528subprocess\u6a21\u5757\u83b7\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>subprocess\u6a21\u5757\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u5176\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa\/\u9519\u8bef\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u5176\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528subprocess.run()\u6216subprocess.Popen()\u6765\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4f7f\u7528subprocess.run()<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import subprocess<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u4f7f\u7528subprocess.run()\u83b7\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>result = subprocess.run([&#39;printenv&#39;], capture_output=True, text=True)<\/p>\n<p>print(result.stdout)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4f7f\u7528subprocess.Popen()<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import subprocess<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u4f7f\u7528subprocess.Popen()\u83b7\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>process = subprocess.Popen([&#39;printenv&#39;], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)<\/p>\n<p>stdout, stderr = process.communicate()<\/p>\n<p>print(stdout)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528dotenv\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>dotenv\u5e93\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a.env\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u5728Python\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u52a0\u8f7d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u597d\u5904\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7801\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u786c\u7f16\u7801\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u5b89\u88c5dotenv\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5dotenv\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-bash\">pip install python-dotenv<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u521b\u5efa.env\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a.env\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e9b\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code>DATABASE_URL=mysql:\/\/user:password@localhost\/dbname<\/p>\n<p>SECRET_KEY=my_secret_key<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u5728Python\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u52a0\u8f7d.env\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f7f\u7528dotenv\u5e93\u52a0\u8f7d.env\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<p>from dotenv import load_dotenv<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u52a0\u8f7d.env\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>load_dotenv()<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u83b7\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>database_url = os.getenv(&#39;DATABASE_URL&#39;)<\/p>\n<p>secret_key = os.getenv(&#39;SECRET_KEY&#39;)<\/p>\n<p>print(f&#39;DATABASE_URL: {database_url}&#39;)<\/p>\n<p>print(f&#39;SECRET_KEY: {secret_key}&#39;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u56db\u3001\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u5f00\u53d1Web\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u786c\u7f16\u7801\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<p>from sqlalchemy import create_engine<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>database_url = os.getenv(&#39;DATABASE_URL&#39;)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>engine = create_engine(database_url)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u914d\u7f6eAPI\u5bc6\u94a5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9API\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9bAPI\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002\u5c06API\u5bc6\u94a5\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5c06\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<p>import requests<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u83b7\u53d6API\u5bc6\u94a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>api_key = os.getenv(&#39;API_KEY&#39;)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u8c03\u7528API<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>response = requests.get(&#39;https:\/\/api.example.com\/data&#39;, headers={&#39;Authorization&#39;: f&#39;Bearer {api_key}&#39;})<\/p>\n<p>print(response.json())<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u914d\u7f6e\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff08\u5982\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\uff09\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u83b7\u53d6\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>debug_mode = os.getenv(&#39;DEBUG&#39;, &#39;false&#39;).lower() == &#39;true&#39;<\/p>\n<p>if debug_mode:<\/p>\n<p>    print(&#39;Running in debug mode&#39;)<\/p>\n<p>else:<\/p>\n<p>    print(&#39;Running in production mode&#39;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u3001subprocess\u6a21\u5757\u548cdotenv\u5e93\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5982\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3001API\u5bc6\u94a5\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4Python\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u66f4\u52a0\u5f97\u5fc3\u5e94\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> <strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>os<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528<code>os.environ<\/code>\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u5f53\u524d\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u53ca\u5176\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<code>import os<\/code>\u540e\uff0c\u6267\u884c<code>print(os.environ)<\/code>\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65b0\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u662f\u7684\uff0cPython\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u901a\u8fc7<code>os.environ<\/code>\u5b57\u5178\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65b0\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5<code>os.environ[&#39;NEW_VARIABLE&#39;] = &#39;value&#39;<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u66f4\u6539\u53ea\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684Python\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u751f\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u67e5\u627e\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee<code>os.environ<\/code>\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u952e\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528<code>os.environ.get(&#39;VARIABLE_NAME&#39;)<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u540d\u4e3a<code>VARIABLE_NAME<\/code>\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5c06\u662f<code>None<\/code>\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u67e5\u770b\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u3001subprocess\u6a21\u5757\u3001dotenv\u5e93\u7b49\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1042456,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1042445"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1042445"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1042445\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1042461,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1042445\/revisions\/1042461"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1042456"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1042445"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1042445"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1042445"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}