{"id":1042782,"date":"2024-12-31T13:00:19","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T05:00:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1042782.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T13:00:22","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T05:00:22","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%b7%a8%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%e8%b0%83%e7%94%a8%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0%e8%b0%83%e7%94%a8%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1042782.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\"<\/p>\n

Python\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528FFI\uff08\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u53e3\uff09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528C\u6269\u5c55\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Web\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528RPC\uff08\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528\uff09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cFFI\u548cC\u6269\u5c55\u6700\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u3002FFI\u5141\u8bb8\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u800cC\u6269\u5c55\u5219\u5141\u8bb8\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165C\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u91cd\u70b9\u9610\u8ff0FFI\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001FFI\uff08\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u53e3\uff09<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

FFI\uff08Foreign Function Interface\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u8c03\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002Python\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e93\u652f\u6301FFI\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662fctypes<\/code>\u548ccffi<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528ctypes\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

ctypes<\/code>\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8Python\u4ee3\u7801\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528ctypes<\/code>\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\/\/ example.c<\/p>\n
#include <stdio.h><\/p>\n
int add(int a, int b) {<\/p>\n
    return a + b;<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fd9\u4e2aC\u6587\u4ef6\u751f\u6210\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
gcc -shared -o example.so -fPIC example.c<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2aC\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# example.py<\/p>\n
import ctypes<\/p>\n
\u52a0\u8f7d\u5171\u4eab\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
example = ctypes.CDLL('.\/example.so')<\/p>\n
\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
result = example.add(3, 5)<\/p>\n
print(f"The result is {result}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528cffi\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
cffi<\/code>\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8eFFI\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u6bd4ctypes<\/code>\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u5f3a\u5927\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528cffi<\/code>\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u5b89\u88c5cffi<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install cffi<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199C\u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\/\/ example.c<\/p>\n
#include <stdio.h><\/p>\n
int multiply(int a, int b) {<\/p>\n
    return a * b;<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u8bd1\u751f\u6210\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
gcc -shared -o example.so -fPIC example.c<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528cffi<\/code>\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2aC\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# example.py<\/p>\n
from cffi import FFI<\/p>\n
ffi = FFI()<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49C\u51fd\u6570\u7b7e\u540d<\/strong><\/h2>\n
ffi.cdef("""<\/p>\n
    int multiply(int a, int b);<\/p>\n
""")<\/p>\n
\u52a0\u8f7d\u5171\u4eab\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
example = ffi.dlopen('.\/example.so')<\/p>\n
\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
result = example.multiply(3, 5)<\/p>\n
print(f"The result is {result}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528C\u6269\u5c55<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u5141\u8bb8\u7f16\u5199C\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u4f4e\u7ea7\u522b\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199C\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\/\/ example.c<\/p>\n
#include <Python.h><\/p>\n
static PyObject* py_add(PyObject* self, PyObject* args) {<\/p>\n
    int a, b;<\/p>\n
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ii", &a, &b)) {<\/p>\n
        return NULL;<\/p>\n
    }<\/p>\n
    return PyLong_FromLong(a + b);<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
static PyMethodDef ExampleMethods[] = {<\/p>\n
    {"add", py_add, METH_VARARGS, "Add two numbers"},<\/p>\n
    {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
static struct PyModuleDef examplemodule = {<\/p>\n
    PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,<\/p>\n
    "example",<\/p>\n
    NULL,<\/p>\n
    -1,<\/p>\n
    ExampleMethods<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_example(void) {<\/p>\n
    return PyModule_Create(&examplemodule);<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199setup.py<\/code>\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8bd1\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# setup.py<\/p>\n
from distutils.core import setup, Extension<\/p>\n
module = Extension('example', sources=['example.c'])<\/p>\n
setup(name='example',<\/p>\n
      version='1.0',<\/p>\n
      description='Python C extension example',<\/p>\n
      ext_modules=[module])<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\u7f16\u8bd1\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u6a21\u5757\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python setup.py build<\/p>\n
python setup.py install<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import example<\/p>\n
result = example.add(3, 5)<\/p>\n
print(f"The result is {result}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Web\u670d\u52a1<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efaWeb\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4e0d\u540c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7HTTP\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u6027\u80fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528Flask\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aPython Web\u670d\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# server.py<\/p>\n
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify<\/p>\n
app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/add', methods=['GET'])<\/p>\n
def add():<\/p>\n
    a = int(request.args.get('a'))<\/p>\n
    b = int(request.args.get('b'))<\/p>\n
    return jsonify(result=a + b)<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__mAI<\/a>n__':<\/p>\n
    app.run(port=5000)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u4f8b\u5982JavaScript\uff09\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2aWeb\u670d\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\/\/ client.js<\/p>\n
const fetch = require('node-fetch');<\/p>\n
async function add(a, b) {<\/p>\n
    const response = await fetch(`http:\/\/localhost:5000\/add?a=${a}&b=${b}`);<\/p>\n
    const data = await response.json();<\/p>\n
    console.log(`The result is ${data.result}`);<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
add(3, 5);<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528RPC\uff08\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528\uff09<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
RPC\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002Python\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5e93\u652f\u6301RPC\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662fxmlrpc<\/code>\u548cgRPC<\/code>\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528xmlrpc<\/code>\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aXML-RPC\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# server.py<\/p>\n
from xmlrpc.server import SimpleXMLRPCServer<\/p>\n
def add(a, b):<\/p>\n
    return a + b<\/p>\n
server = SimpleXMLRPCServer(('localhost', 9000))<\/p>\n
server.register_function(add, 'add')<\/p>\n
server.serve_forever()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# client.py<\/p>\n
import xmlrpc.client<\/p>\n
proxy = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy('http:\/\/localhost:9000\/')<\/p>\n
result = proxy.add(3, 5)<\/p>\n
print(f"The result is {result}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u7cfb\u7edf\u5305\u62ecRabbitMQ\u3001Kafka\u548cZeroMQ\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528RabbitMQ\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u5b89\u88c5RabbitMQ\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install pika<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# producer.py<\/p>\n
import pika<\/p>\n
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))<\/p>\n
channel = connection.channel()<\/p>\n
channel.queue_declare(queue='task_queue', durable=True)<\/p>\n
def add(a, b):<\/p>\n
    return a + b<\/p>\n
message = f"{3},{5}"<\/p>\n
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',<\/p>\n
                      routing_key='task_queue',<\/p>\n
                      body=message,<\/p>\n
                      properties=pika.BasicProperties(<\/p>\n
                          delivery_mode=2,  # make message persistent<\/p>\n
                      ))<\/p>\n
print(" [x] Sent '3,5'")<\/p>\n
connection.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# consumer.py<\/p>\n
import pika<\/p>\n
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))<\/p>\n
channel = connection.channel()<\/p>\n
channel.queue_declare(queue='task_queue', durable=True)<\/p>\n
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):<\/p>\n
    a, b = map(int, body.decode().split(','))<\/p>\n
    result = add(a, b)<\/p>\n
    print(f"The result is {result}")<\/p>\n
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)<\/p>\n
channel.basic_consume(queue='task_queue', on_message_callback=callback)<\/p>\n
print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')<\/p>\n
channel.start_consuming()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e94\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u901a\u8fc7FFI\u548cC\u6269\u5c55\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u800cWeb\u670d\u52a1\u3001RPC\u548c\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fdb\u884c\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684ctypes\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u8f7dC\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93\uff08DLL\uff09\u6216\u5171\u4eab\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08.so\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Cython\u6216SWIG\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5c06C\/C++\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0ePython\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u590d\u6742\u7684C\/C++\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
Python\u4e0eJava\u4e4b\u95f4\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\uff1f<\/strong>
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