{"id":1044924,"date":"2024-12-31T13:18:46","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T05:18:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1044924.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T13:18:48","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T05:18:48","slug":"python%e4%b8%ad%e6%96%b0%e5%bc%8f%e7%b1%bb%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%bb%a7%e6%89%bf%e6%9e%84%e9%80%a0%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1044924.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u4e2d\u65b0\u5f0f\u7c7b\u5982\u4f55\u7ee7\u627f\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u4e2d\u65b0\u5f0f\u7c7b\u5982\u4f55\u7ee7\u627f\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u65b0\u5f0f\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4f7f\u7528super()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528super()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u793a\u4f8b\u52a0\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528super()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528super()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u662fPython\u4e2d\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002super()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u4e14\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8c03\u7528\u5230\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

class Parent:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name):<\/p>\n
        self.name = name<\/p>\n
        print(f'Parent initialized with name: {self.name}')<\/p>\n
class Child(Parent):<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, age):<\/p>\n
        super().__init__(name)  # \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n
        self.age = age<\/p>\n
        print(f'Child initialized with name: {self.name}, age: {self.age}')<\/p>\n
\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
child = Child('John', 20)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cChild<\/code>\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u81eaParent<\/code>\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7super().__init__(name)<\/code>\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u8c03\u7528\u5e76\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528super()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u867d\u7136\u5728\u5355\u4e00\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Parent:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name):<\/p>\n
        self.name = name<\/p>\n
        print(f'Parent initialized with name: {self.name}')<\/p>\n
class Child(Parent):<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, age):<\/p>\n
        Parent.__init__(self, name)  # \u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n
        self.age = age<\/p>\n
        print(f'Child initialized with name: {self.name}, age: {self.age}')<\/p>\n
\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
child = Child('John', 20)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cChild<\/code>\u7c7b\u901a\u8fc7Parent.__init__(self, name)<\/code>\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5355\u4e00\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u591a\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u6216\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u65f6\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7ee7\u627f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528super()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8esuper()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u9075\u5faaC3\u7ebf\u6027\u5316\uff08C3 linearization\uff09\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class A:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self):<\/p>\n
        print('A initialized')<\/p>\n
class B(A):<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self):<\/p>\n
        super().__init__()<\/p>\n
        print('B initialized')<\/p>\n
class C(A):<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self):<\/p>\n
        super().__init__()<\/p>\n
        print('C initialized')<\/p>\n
class D(B, C):<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self):<\/p>\n
        super().__init__()<\/p>\n
        print('D initialized')<\/p>\n
\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
d = D()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cD<\/code>\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u81eaB<\/code>\u548cC<\/code>\u7c7b\uff0c\u800cB<\/code>\u548cC<\/code>\u7c7b\u53c8\u7ee7\u627f\u81eaA<\/code>\u7c7b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528super()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0cD<\/code>\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u9996\u5148\u8c03\u7528B<\/code>\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u8c03\u7528C<\/code>\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8c03\u7528A<\/code>\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u65b0\u5f0f\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528super()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u5355\u4e00\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u80fd\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u8c03\u7528\u548c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u867d\u7136\u5728\u5355\u4e00\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u638c\u63e1Python\u4e2d\u65b0\u5f0f\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5728Python\u4e2d\u65b0\u5f0f\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1f<\/strong>
\u65b0\u5f0f\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u65e7\u5f0f\u7c7b\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528__init__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u5f0f\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7super()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u4fdd\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u903b\u8f91\u5f97\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
class Parent:\n    def __init__(self, value):\n        self.value = value\n\nclass Child(Parent):\n    def __init__(self, value, extra):\n        super().__init__(value)\n        self.extra = extra\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u65b0\u5f0f\u7c7b\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u65b0\u5f0f\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f\u9075\u5faaC3\u7ebf\u6027\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08MRO\uff0cMethod Resolution Order\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4f9d\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ClassName.__mro__<\/code>\u6216ClassName.mro()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
class A:\n    def __init__(self):\n        print("A's constructor")\n\nclass B(A):\n    def __init__(self):\n        print("B's constructor")\n        super().__init__()\n\nclass C(A):\n    def __init__(self):\n        print("C's constructor")\n        super().__init__()\n\nclass D(B, C):\n    def __init__(self):\n        print("D's constructor")\n        super().__init__()\n\nD()  # \u8c03\u7528D\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528super()\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u4ea7\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528super()<\/code>\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u903b\u8f91\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u672a\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
class Parent:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.value = 10\n\nclass Child(Parent):\n    def __init__(self):\n        # Missing super().__init__()\n        self.extra = 20\n\nchild = Child()\nprint(child.value)  # RAI<\/a>ses AttributeError: 'Child' object has no attribute 'value'\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6f5c\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\u65b0\u5f0f\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528super […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1044931,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1044924"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1044924"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1044924\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1044936,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1044924\/revisions\/1044936"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1044931"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1044924"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1044924"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1044924"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}