{"id":1047531,"date":"2024-12-31T13:43:16","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T05:43:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1047531.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T13:43:19","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T05:43:19","slug":"python%e8%84%9a%e6%9c%ac%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%81%9a%e5%8d%95%e5%85%83%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1047531.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u811a\u672c\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u811a\u672c\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\"<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u811a\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ecunittest\u3001pytest\u3001doctest\u7b49\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u3001\u65ad\u8a00\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u70b9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u8ff0\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177<\/strong>\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002unittest\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u5bb9\u6613\u4e0a\u624b\uff1bpytest\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7f16\u5199\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1bdoctest\u5219\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5c55\u5f00\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cunittest\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u5b89\u88c5\u3002unittest\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0cpytest\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002pytest\u4e0d\u4ec5\u652f\u6301unittest\u7684\u6240\u6709\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5982fixture\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u63d2\u4ef6\u7b49\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7f16\u5199\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u3002doctest\u5219\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u6863\u9a71\u52a8\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u6863\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

1. unittest<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

unittest\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u3002unittest\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u7ee7\u627funittest.TestCase\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9a\u4e49\u4ee5test\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import unittest<\/p>\n
def add(a, b):<\/p>\n
    return a + b<\/p>\n
class TestAdd(unittest.TestCase):<\/p>\n
    def test_add_integers(self):<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(add(1, 2), 3)<\/p>\n
    def test_add_floats(self):<\/p>\n
        self.assertAlmostEqual(add(1.1, 2.2), 3.3, places=1)<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__mAI<\/a>n__':<\/p>\n
    unittest.main()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. pytest<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
pytest\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7f16\u5199\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002pytest\u4e0d\u4ec5\u652f\u6301unittest\u7684\u6240\u6709\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5982fixture\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u63d2\u4ef6\u7b49\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7f16\u5199\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pytest<\/p>\n
def add(a, b):<\/p>\n
    return a + b<\/p>\n
def test_add_integers():<\/p>\n
    assert add(1, 2) == 3<\/p>\n
def test_add_floats():<\/p>\n
    assert add(1.1, 2.2) == pytest.approx(3.3, 0.1)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. doctest<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
doctest\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002doctest\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6587\u6863\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5199\u5165\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u8c03\u7528doctest.testmod\u51fd\u6570\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def add(a, b):<\/p>\n
    """<\/p>\n
    Adds two numbers together.<\/p>\n
    >>> add(1, 2)<\/p>\n
    3<\/p>\n
    >>> add(1.1, 2.2)<\/p>\n
    3.3<\/p>\n
    """<\/p>\n
    return a + b<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
    import doctest<\/p>\n
    doctest.testmod()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u662f\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u8f93\u5165\u4e0b\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u8986\u76d6\u5404\u79cd\u8f93\u5165\u60c5\u51b5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5404\u79cd\u8f93\u5165\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6b63\u5e38\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u8fb9\u754c\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u8f93\u5165\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u5404\u79cd\u8f93\u5165\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6027\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def test_add():<\/p>\n
    assert add(1, 2) == 3<\/p>\n
    assert add(0, 0) == 0<\/p>\n
    assert add(-1, -2) == -3<\/p>\n
    assert add(1.1, 2.2) == pytest.approx(3.3, 0.1)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528\u65ad\u8a00\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u65ad\u8a00\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u65ad\u8a00\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u3002unittest\u548cpytest\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ecassertEqual\u3001assertNotEqual\u3001assertTrue\u3001assertFalse\u3001assertRaises\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import unittest<\/p>\n
class TestAdd(unittest.TestCase):<\/p>\n
    def test_add_integers(self):<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(add(1, 2), 3)<\/p>\n
        self.assertNotEqual(add(1, 2), 4)<\/p>\n
    def test_add_floats(self):<\/p>\n
        self.assertAlmostEqual(add(1.1, 2.2), 3.3, places=1)<\/p>\n
    def test_add_with_zero(self):<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(add(0, 0), 0)<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(add(0, 5), 5)<\/p>\n
    def test_add_with_negative(self):<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(add(-1, -2), -3)<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(add(-1, 1), 0)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u65ad\u8a00\u7ed3\u679c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u65ad\u8a00\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u65ad\u8a00\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u3002unittest\u548cpytest\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ecassertEqual\u3001assertNotEqual\u3001assertTrue\u3001assertFalse\u3001assertRaises\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. assertEqual<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
assertEqual\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e24\u4e2a\u503c\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def test_add_integers():<\/p>\n
    assert add(1, 2) == 3<\/p>\n
    assert add(0, 0) == 0<\/p>\n
    assert add(-1, -2) == -3<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. assertNotEqual<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
assertNotEqual\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e24\u4e2a\u503c\u662f\u5426\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76f8\u7b49\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def test_add_integers():<\/p>\n
    assert add(1, 2) != 4<\/p>\n
    assert add(0, 0) != 1<\/p>\n
    assert add(-1, -2) != 0<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. assertTrue<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
assertTrue\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u662f\u5426\u4e3aTrue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e3aFalse\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def test_add_integers():<\/p>\n
    assert (add(1, 2) == 3) == True<\/p>\n
    assert (add(0, 0) == 0) == True<\/p>\n
    assert (add(-1, -2) == -3) == True<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4. assertFalse<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
assertFalse\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u662f\u5426\u4e3aFalse\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e3aTrue\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def test_add_integers():<\/p>\n
    assert (add(1, 2) == 4) == False<\/p>\n
    assert (add(0, 0) == 1) == False<\/p>\n
    assert (add(-1, -2) == 0) == False<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5. assertRaises<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
assertRaises\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u662f\u5426\u629b\u51fa\u4e86\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def test_add_with_invalid_input():<\/p>\n
    with pytest.raises(TypeError):<\/p>\n
        add(1, "2")<\/p>\n
    with pytest.raises(TypeError):<\/p>\n
        add("1", 2)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199\u5b8c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002unittest\u548cpytest\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u4f7f\u7528unittest\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
unittest\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5373\u53ef\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python -m unittest test_module.py<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528pytest\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
pytest\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5373\u53ef\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pytest test_module.py<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528fixture<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
fixture\u662fpytest\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u6267\u884c\u524d\u540e\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u9884\u7f6e\u548c\u6e05\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002fixture\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u590d\u7528\u6027\u548c\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5b9a\u4e49fixture<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
fixture\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7@pytest.fixture\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d\u7684fixture\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pytest<\/p>\n
@pytest.fixture<\/p>\n
def setup_data():<\/p>\n
    return {"a": 1, "b": 2}<\/p>\n
def test_add_with_fixture(setup_data):<\/p>\n
    assert add(setup_data["a"], setup_data["b"]) == 3<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528fixture<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528fixture\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u4f7f\u7528\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def test_add_with_fixture(setup_data):<\/p>\n
    assert add(setup_data["a"], setup_data["b"]) == 3<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662fpytest\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u590d\u7528\u6027\u548c\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5b9a\u4e49\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7@pytest.mark.parametrize\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pytest<\/p>\n
@pytest.mark.parametrize("a, b, expected", [<\/p>\n
    (1, 2, 3),<\/p>\n
    (0, 0, 0),<\/p>\n
    (-1, -2, -3),<\/p>\n
    (1.1, 2.2, pytest.approx(3.3, 0.1))<\/p>\n
])<\/p>\n
def test_add_with_parametrize(a, b, expected):<\/p>\n
    assert add(a, b) == expected<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u63d2\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
pytest\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u63d2\u4ef6\u6765\u6269\u5c55pytest\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5305\u62ecpytest-cov\u3001pytest-xdist\u3001pytest-mock\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. pytest-cov<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
pytest-cov\u63d2\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install pytest-cov<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u62a5\u544a\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pytest --cov=module_name<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. pytest-xdist<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
pytest-xdist\u63d2\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u5e76\u884c\u6267\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install pytest-xdist<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u884c\u6267\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pytest -n 4<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. pytest-mock<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
pytest-mock\u63d2\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u6a21\u62df\u548c\u66ff\u6362\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install pytest-mock<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528pytest-mock\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pytest<\/p>\n
def test_add_with_mock(mocker):<\/p>\n
    mocker.patch("__main__.add", return_value=5)<\/p>\n
    assert add(1, 2) == 5<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u811a\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u3001\u65ad\u8a00\u7ed3\u679c\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528fixture\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u63d2\u4ef6\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u5927\u5bb6\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u91cd\u89c6\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1f<\/strong>
\u4e3a\u4e86\u7f16\u5199\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u88ab\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6216\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5185\u7f6e\u7684unittest<\/code>\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u7c7b\u5e76\u5b9a\u4e49\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u65ad\u8a00\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684Python\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff1f<\/strong>
\u9664\u4e86unittest<\/code>\uff0cPython\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982pytest<\/code>\u548cnose<\/code>\u3002pytest<\/code>\u4ee5\u5176\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u6846\u67b6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u719f\u6089\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u9ad8\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u8986\u76d6\u7387\uff1f<\/strong>
\u63d0\u9ad8\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u8986\u76d6\u6240\u6709\u5173\u952e\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5982coverage.py<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bc6\u522b\u672a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u533a\u57df\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u56de\u987e\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u63d0\u5347\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u7684\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u7528Python\u811a\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ecunittest\u3001pytest\u3001doctest\u7b49\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1047539,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1047531"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1047531"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1047531\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1047542,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1047531\/revisions\/1047542"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1047539"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1047531"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1047531"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1047531"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}