{"id":1048615,"date":"2024-12-31T13:52:44","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T05:52:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1048615.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T13:52:46","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T05:52:46","slug":"python%e4%b8%ad%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%90%91%e7%b1%bb%e4%b8%ad%e4%bc%a0%e5%80%bc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1048615.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5411\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f20\u503c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5411\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f20\u503c\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u503c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u7b49\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f20\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u901a\u8fc7__init__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u5411\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

class Person:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, age):<\/p>\n
        self.name = name<\/p>\n
        self.age = age<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u4f20\u9012\u503c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
person = Person("Alice", 30)<\/p>\n
print(person.name)  # \u8f93\u51fa: Alice<\/p>\n
print(person.age)   # \u8f93\u51fa: 30<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c__init__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570name<\/code>\u548cage<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027self.name<\/code>\u548cself.age<\/code>\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efaPerson<\/code>\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7c7b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u6267\u884c\u4e0e\u7c7b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5411\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u503c\u3002\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0a\u65b9\u4f7f\u7528@classmethod<\/code>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
class Person:<\/p>\n
    population = 0<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, age):<\/p>\n
        self.name = name<\/p>\n
        self.age = age<\/p>\n
        Person.population += 1<\/p>\n
    @classmethod<\/p>\n
    def set_population(cls, population):<\/p>\n
        cls.population = population<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f20\u9012\u503c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Person.set_population(100)<\/p>\n
print(Person.population)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 100<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5set_population<\/code>\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570population<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027cls.population<\/code>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5set_population<\/code>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u4f20\u9012\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7c7b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u7c7b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u540d\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
class Person:<\/p>\n
    population = 0<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, age):<\/p>\n
        self.name = name<\/p>\n
        self.age = age<\/p>\n
        Person.population += 1<\/p>\n
\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(Person.population)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 0<\/p>\n
Person.population = 100<\/p>\n
print(Person.population)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 100<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027population<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u540dPerson<\/code>\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027population<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u6267\u884c\u4e0e\u5b9e\u4f8b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5411\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u503c\u3002\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0a\u65b9\u4f7f\u7528self<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
class Person:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, age):<\/p>\n
        self.name = name<\/p>\n
        self.age = age<\/p>\n
    def set_name(self, name):<\/p>\n
        self.name = name<\/p>\n
    def set_age(self, age):<\/p>\n
        self.age = age<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f20\u9012\u503c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
person = Person("Alice", 30)<\/p>\n
person.set_name("Bob")<\/p>\n
person.set_age(25)<\/p>\n
print(person.name)  # \u8f93\u51fa: Bob<\/p>\n
print(person.age)   # \u8f93\u51fa: 25<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5set_name<\/code>\u548cset_age<\/code>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u522b\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570name<\/code>\u548cage<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027self.name<\/code>\u548cself.age<\/code>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5set_name<\/code>\u548cset_age<\/code>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027\u4f20\u9012\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u5c5e\u6027\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5c5e\u6027\u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff08Property Decorator\uff09\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u50cf\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c5e\u6027\u4e00\u6837\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c5e\u6027\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u6765\u5411\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
class Person:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, age):<\/p>\n
        self._name = name<\/p>\n
        self._age = age<\/p>\n
    @property<\/p>\n
    def name(self):<\/p>\n
        return self._name<\/p>\n
    @name.setter<\/p>\n
    def name(self, value):<\/p>\n
        if isinstance(value, str):<\/p>\n
            self._name = value<\/p>\n
        else:<\/p>\n
            rAI<\/a>se ValueError("Name must be a string")<\/p>\n
    @property<\/p>\n
    def age(self):<\/p>\n
        return self._age<\/p>\n
    @age.setter<\/p>\n
    def age(self, value):<\/p>\n
        if isinstance(value, int) and value > 0:<\/p>\n
            self._age = value<\/p>\n
        else:<\/p>\n
            raise ValueError("Age must be a positive integer")<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u5c5e\u6027\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4f20\u9012\u503c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
person = Person("Alice", 30)<\/p>\n
person.name = "Bob"<\/p>\n
person.age = 25<\/p>\n
print(person.name)  # \u8f93\u51fa: Bob<\/p>\n
print(person.age)   # \u8f93\u51fa: 25<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u5c5e\u6027\u88c5\u9970\u5668@property<\/code>\u548c@setter<\/code>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86name<\/code>\u548cage<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c5e\u6027\u4e00\u6837\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c5e\u6027\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7c7b\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u5411\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
class Person:<\/p>\n
    species = "Homo sapiens"  # \u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, age):<\/p>\n
        self.name = name       # \u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n
        self.age = age<\/p>\n
\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(Person.species)  # \u8f93\u51fa: Homo sapiens<\/p>\n
Person.species = "Homo erectus"<\/p>\n
print(Person.species)  # \u8f93\u51fa: Homo erectus<\/p>\n
\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
person = Person("Alice", 30)<\/p>\n
print(person.name)  # \u8f93\u51fa: Alice<\/p>\n
print(person.age)   # \u8f93\u51fa: 30<\/p>\n
person.name = "Bob"<\/p>\n
person.age = 25<\/p>\n
print(person.name)  # \u8f93\u51fa: Bob<\/p>\n
print(person.age)   # \u8f93\u51fa: 25<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cfspecies<\/code>\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cfname<\/code>\u548cage<\/code>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u540dPerson<\/code>\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cfspecies<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8c61person<\/code>\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cfname<\/code>\u548cage<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7c7b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u7c7b\u548c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5411\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u503c\u3002\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0a\u65b9\u4f7f\u7528@staticmethod<\/code>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
class Calculator:<\/p>\n
    @staticmethod<\/p>\n
    def add(a, b):<\/p>\n
        return a + b<\/p>\n
    @staticmethod<\/p>\n
    def subtract(a, b):<\/p>\n
        return a - b<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f20\u9012\u503c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
result1 = Calculator.add(10, 5)<\/p>\n
result2 = Calculator.subtract(10, 5)<\/p>\n
print(result1)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 15<\/p>\n
print(result2)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 5<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5add<\/code>\u548csubtract<\/code>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u522b\u63a5\u53d7\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570a<\/code>\u548cb<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u52a0\u6cd5\u548c\u51cf\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5add<\/code>\u548csubtract<\/code>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u503c\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627f\u4f20\u503c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u65b0\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
class Animal:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name):<\/p>\n
        self.name = name<\/p>\n
class Dog(Animal):<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, breed):<\/p>\n
        super().__init__(name)<\/p>\n
        self.breed = breed<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u7ee7\u627f\u4f20\u9012\u503c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
dog = Dog("Buddy", "Golden Retriever")<\/p>\n
print(dog.name)   # \u8f93\u51fa: Buddy<\/p>\n
print(dog.breed)  # \u8f93\u51fa: Golden Retriever<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7236\u7c7bAnimal<\/code>\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7bDog<\/code>\u3002\u5b50\u7c7bDog<\/code>\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528super().__init__(name)<\/code>\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u7236\u7c7bAnimal<\/code>\u7684\u5c5e\u6027name<\/code>\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u7c7bDog<\/code>\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u7236\u7c7b\u548c\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e5d\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec4\u5408\u4f20\u503c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u7ec4\u5408\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u591a\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
class Engine:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, horsepower):<\/p>\n
        self.horsepower = horsepower<\/p>\n
class Car:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, make, model, engine):<\/p>\n
        self.make = make<\/p>\n
        self.model = model<\/p>\n
        self.engine = engine<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec4\u5408\u4f20\u9012\u503c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
engine = Engine(300)<\/p>\n
car = Car("Toyota", "Camry", engine)<\/p>\n
print(car.make)           # \u8f93\u51fa: Toyota<\/p>\n
print(car.model)          # \u8f93\u51fa: Camry<\/p>\n
print(car.engine.horsepower)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 300<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u7c7bEngine<\/code>\u548cCar<\/code>\u3002\u7c7bCar<\/code>\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec4\u5408\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aEngine<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efaCar<\/code>\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411Engine<\/code>\u548cCar<\/code>\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u5b57\u5178\u4f20\u503c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
class Person:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, info):<\/p>\n
        self.name = info.get("name")<\/p>\n
        self.age = info.get("age")<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u4f20\u9012\u503c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
info = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30}<\/p>\n
person = Person(info)<\/p>\n
print(person.name)  # \u8f93\u51fa: Alice<\/p>\n
print(person.age)   # \u8f93\u51fa: 30<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aPerson<\/code>\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178info<\/code>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b57\u5178info<\/code>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u503c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u3001\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u3001\u7ec4\u5408\u548c\u5b57\u5178<\/strong>\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7528\u9014\u548c\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u9009\u62e9\u4f20\u503c\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u548c\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u60a8\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9\u5982\u4f55\u5411Python\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f20\u503c\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570__init__<\/code>\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u5411\u7c7b\u4f20\u503c\u3002\u5f53\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65f6\uff0c\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
class Person:\n    def __init__(self, name, age):\n        self.name = name\n        self.age = age\n\nperson = Person("Alice", 30)\nprint(person.name)  # \u8f93\u51fa: Alice\nprint(person.age)   # \u8f93\u51fa: 30\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cname<\/code>\u548cage<\/code>\u662f\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9Person<\/code>\u7c7b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u54ea\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5982\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u6574\u6570\u3001\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u7b49\u590d\u5408\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
class Book:\n    def __init__(self, title, authors, year):\n        self.title = title\n        self.authors = authors  # \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\n        self.year = year\n\nbook = Book("Python Programming", ["Author A", "Author B"], 2022)\nprint(book.authors)  # \u8f93\u51fa: ['Author A', 'Author B']\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u5f97\u7c7b\u80fd\u591f\u7075\u6d3b\u63a5\u53d7\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u4f20\u503c\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u67d0\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
class Car:\n    def __init__(self, make, model, year=2021):\n        self.make = make\n        self.model = model\n        self.year = year\n\ncar1 = Car("Toyota", "Corolla")\ncar2 = Car("Honda", "Civic", 2020)\n\nprint(car1.year)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 2021\nprint(car2.year)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 2020\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u503c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1048622,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1048615"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1048615"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1048615\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1048623,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1048615\/revisions\/1048623"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1048622"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1048615"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1048615"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1048615"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}