{"id":1055641,"date":"2024-12-31T14:52:29","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T06:52:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1055641.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T14:52:43","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T06:52:43","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%88%ac%e5%8f%96%e7%bd%91%e9%a1%b5%e4%b8%8d%e5%90%8c%e7%9a%84%e5%ad%97%e6%ae%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1055641.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u722c\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u722c\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\"<\/p>\n

Python\u722c\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u4e0d\u540c\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528requests\u6a21\u5757\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u6216lxml\u89e3\u6790HTML\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/strong> \u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u722c\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecdrequests\u6a21\u5757\u548cBeautifulSoup\u5e93\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u65b0\u624b\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u4e0a\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528requests\u6a21\u5757\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528requests\u6a21\u5757\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002requests\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u6613\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684HTTP\u5e93\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import requests<\/p>\n
url = 'http:\/\/example.com'<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
html_content = response.text<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u89e3\u6790HTML<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
BeautifulSoup\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u548cXML\u6587\u6863\u7684Python\u5e93\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7684API\u6765\u63d0\u53d6HTML\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5BeautifulSoup<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5BeautifulSoup\u5e93\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install beautifulsoup4<\/p>\n
pip install lxml<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u89e3\u6790HTML<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u89e3\u6790\u6211\u4eec\u4ecerequests\u83b7\u53d6\u7684HTML\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, 'lxml')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u63d0\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5b57\u6bb5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u63d0\u53d6\u6807\u9898<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u6807\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u5728<title><\/code>\u6807\u7b7e\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
title = soup.title.string<\/p>\n
print('Title:', title)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u94fe\u63a5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u901a\u5e38\u5728<a><\/code>\u6807\u7b7e\u7684href<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
links = soup.find_all('a')<\/p>\n
for link in links:<\/p>\n
    print('Link:', link.get('href'))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u5b57\u6bb5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684HTML\u6807\u7b7e\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<h1><\/code>\u3001<h2><\/code>\u6216\u5e26\u6709\u7279\u5b9aclass\u7684<div><\/code>\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
news_titles = soup.find_all('h2', class_='news-title')<\/p>\n
for title in news_titles:<\/p>\n
    print('News Title:', title.string)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002Python\u7684re\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u64cd\u4f5c\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import re<\/p>\n
html_content = requests.get(url).text<\/p>\n
emAI<\/a>ls = re.findall(r'[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\\.[A-Za-z]{2,}', html_content)<\/p>\n
for email in emails:<\/p>\n
    print('Email:', email)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002Selenium\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5Selenium<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
pip install selenium<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Selenium<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
driver = webdriver.Chrome()<\/p>\n
driver.get('http:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
\u7b49\u5f85\u9875\u9762\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b8c\u6210<\/strong><\/h2>\n
driver.implicitly_wait(10)<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
dynamic_content = driver.find_element_by_id('dynamic-content').text<\/p>\n
print('Dynamic Content:', dynamic_content)<\/p>\n
driver.quit()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u722c\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u793a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528requests\u548cBeautifulSoup\u6765\u722c\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
url = 'http:\/\/example.com'<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
html_content = response.text<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u6790HTML<\/strong><\/h2>\n
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, 'lxml')<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u53d6\u6807\u9898<\/strong><\/h2>\n
title = soup.title.string<\/p>\n
print('Title:', title)<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u94fe\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
links = soup.find_all('a')<\/p>\n
for link in links:<\/p>\n
    print('Link:', link.get('href'))<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u5b57\u6bb5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
news_titles = soup.find_all('h2', class_='news-title')<\/p>\n
for title in news_titles:<\/p>\n
    print('News Title:', title.string)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u5904\u7406\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f1a\u6709\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\u548c\u5e94\u5bf9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001User-Agent<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f51\u7ad9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u67e5User-Agent\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u722c\u866b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6765\u7ed5\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
headers = {<\/p>\n
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/58.0.3029.110 Safari\/537.3'}<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001Cookies<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u67e5Cookies\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u722c\u866b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7requests\u5e93\u7684Session<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u4fdd\u6301\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
session = requests.Session()<\/p>\n
response = session.get(url)<\/p>\n
html_content = response.text<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001IP\u5c01\u7981<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9891\u7e41\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u722c\u866b\uff0c\u7f51\u7ad9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5c01\u7981IP\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406IP\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
proxies = {<\/p>\n
    'http': 'http:\/\/yourproxy.com:port',<\/p>\n
    'https': 'http:\/\/yourproxy.com:port'<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url, proxies=proxies)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u5185\u5bb9<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u722c\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
with open('data.txt', 'w') as file:<\/p>\n
    file.write(html_content)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5982MySQL\u3001MongoDB\u7b49\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5230MySQL\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import mysql.connector<\/p>\n
conn = mysql.connector.connect(<\/p>\n
    host='localhost',<\/p>\n
    user='user',<\/p>\n
    password='password',<\/p>\n
    database='database'<\/p>\n
)<\/p>\n
cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
sql = "INSERT INTO table (column1, column2) VALUES (%s, %s)"<\/p>\n
values = (value1, value2)<\/p>\n
cursor.execute(sql, values)<\/p>\n
conn.commit()<\/p>\n
cursor.close()<\/p>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e5d\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u722c\u866b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
    response.raise_for_status()<\/p>\n
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:<\/p>\n
    print('Error:', e)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u3001\u9075\u5b88\u722c\u866b\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u4f26\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u722c\u866b\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u722c\u53d6\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684robots.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from urllib.robotparser import RobotFileParser<\/p>\n
rp = RobotFileParser()<\/p>\n
rp.set_url('http:\/\/example.com\/robots.txt')<\/p>\n
rp.read()<\/p>\n
if rp.can_fetch('*', url):<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
else:<\/p>\n
    print('Not allowed to crawl this URL')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u5bb9\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86Python\u5982\u4f55\u722c\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u89e3\u6790HTML\u3001\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5904\u7406\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5e94\u7528Python\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u9875\u722c\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u722c\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1f<\/strong>
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