{"id":1062539,"date":"2024-12-31T15:52:46","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T07:52:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1062539.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T15:52:48","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T07:52:48","slug":"linux%e4%b8%ad%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%bf%90%e8%a1%8cpython%e8%84%9a%e6%9c%ac%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1062539.html","title":{"rendered":"linux\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u884cpython\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"linux\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u884cpython\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884cPython\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528shebang\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49\u3002<\/strong> \u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u9010\u6b65\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u4f7f\u60a8\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u677e\u5728Linux\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884cPython\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884cPython\u811a\u672c\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u4f7f\u7528Python\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u60a8\u7684Python\u811a\u672c\u540d\u4e3ascript.py<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

python script.py<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u591a\u4e2aPython\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python3 script.py<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \u6253\u5f00\u7ec8\u7aef\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u5bfc\u822a\u5230\u811a\u672c\u6240\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a\n
    cd path\/to\/your\/script<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\uff1a\n
    python3 script.py<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Shebang<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    Shebang\uff08#!\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u884c\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u811a\u672c\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u3002\u5728Python\u811a\u672c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u6dfb\u52a0shebang\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u8f93\u5165\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u811a\u672c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u6dfb\u52a0\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    #!\/usr\/bin\/env python3<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u7136\u540e\uff0c\u8d4b\u4e88\u811a\u672c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    chmod +x script.py<\/p>\n
    .\/script.py<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u5728\u811a\u672c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u6dfb\u52a0shebang\uff1a\n
      #!\/usr\/bin\/env python3<\/p>\n
      print("Hello, World!")<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n
    3. \u8d4b\u4e88\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\uff1a\n
      chmod +x script.py<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    4. \u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\uff1a\n
      .\/script.py<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u53ef\u4ee5\u9694\u79bb\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u4e0d\u540c\u9879\u76ee\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u8fd0\u884cPython\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff1a\n
        python3 -m venv myenv<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \u6fc0\u6d3b\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff1a\n
        source myenv\/bin\/activate<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      3. \u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\uff1a\n
        pip install -r requirements.txt<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      4. \u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\uff1a\n
        python script.py<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u6fc0\u6d3b\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff1a\n
          python3 -m venv myenv<\/p>\n
          source myenv\/bin\/activate<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        2. \u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305\uff08\u5047\u8bbe\u6709requirements.txt\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff1a\n
          pip install -r requirements.txt<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        3. \u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\uff1a\n
          python script.py<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u56db\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u811a\u672c\u9700\u8981\u67d0\u4e9b\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          export VAR_NAME=value<\/p>\n
          python script.py<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \u6216\u8005\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          VAR_NAME=value python script.py<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\uff1a\n
            export MY_VAR=hello<\/p>\n
            python script.py<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          2. \u6216\u8005\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1a\n
            MY_VAR=hello python script.py<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5728Linux\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528cron<\/code>\u6765\u5b9a\u65f6\u8fd0\u884cPython\u811a\u672c\u3002\u9996\u5148\u7f16\u8f91cron\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            crontab -e<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u7136\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6bcf\u5929\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            0 0 * * * \/usr\/bin\/python3 \/path\/to\/script.py<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            1. \u6253\u5f00cron\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff1a\n
              crontab -e<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
            2. \u6dfb\u52a0\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a\n
              0 0 * * * \/usr\/bin\/python3 \/path\/to\/script.py<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \u516d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \u5728Linux\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06Python\u811a\u672c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              sudo nano \/etc\/systemd\/system\/myscript.service<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
              \u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              [Unit]<\/p>\n
              Description=My Python Script<\/p>\n
              [Service]<\/p>\n
              ExecStart=\/usr\/bin\/python3 \/path\/to\/script.py<\/p>\n
              [Install]<\/p>\n
              WantedBy=multi-user.target<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
              \u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u542f\u7528\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              sudo systemctl enable myscript.service<\/p>\n
              sudo systemctl start myscript.service<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
              \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \n
              1. \u521b\u5efa\u670d\u52a1\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\n
                sudo nano \/etc\/systemd\/system\/myscript.service<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
              2. \u6dfb\u52a0\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\uff1a\n
                [Unit]<\/p>\n
                Description=My Python Script<\/p>\n
                [Service]<\/p>\n
                ExecStart=\/usr\/bin\/python3 \/path\/to\/script.py<\/p>\n
                [Install]<\/p>\n
                WantedBy=multi-user.target<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
              3. \u542f\u7528\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\uff1a\n
                sudo systemctl enable myscript.service<\/p>\n
                sudo systemctl start myscript.service<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \u4e03\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Docker\u8fd0\u884cPython\u811a\u672c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                Docker\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884cPython\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u73af\u5883\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aDockerfile\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                FROM python:3.8-slim<\/p>\n
                WORKDIR \/app<\/p>\n
                COPY . \/app<\/p>\n
                RUN pip install -r requirements.txt<\/p>\n
                CMD ["python", "script.py"]<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                \u6784\u5efa\u5e76\u8fd0\u884cDocker\u955c\u50cf\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                docker build -t mypythonapp .<\/p>\n
                docker run mypythonapp<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  \n
                1. \u521b\u5efaDockerfile\uff1a\n
                  FROM python:3.8-slim<\/p>\n
                  WORKDIR \/app<\/p>\n
                  COPY . \/app<\/p>\n
                  RUN pip install -r requirements.txt<\/p>\n
                  CMD ["python", "script.py"]<\/p>\n
                  <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                2. \u6784\u5efa\u955c\u50cf\uff1a\n
                  docker build -t mypythonapp .<\/p>\n
                  <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                3. \u8fd0\u884c\u5bb9\u5668\uff1a\n
                  docker run mypythonapp<\/p>\n
                  <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  \u516b\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u811a\u672c\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  \u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u811a\u672c\u9700\u8981\u63a5\u53d7\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u89e3\u6790\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  python script.py arg1 arg2<\/p>\n
                  <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                  \u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528sys.argv<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  import sys<\/p>\n
                  arg1 = sys.argv[1]<\/p>\n
                  arg2 = sys.argv[2]<\/p>\n
                  print(f'Argument 1: {arg1}')<\/p>\n
                  print(f'Argument 2: {arg2}')<\/p>\n
                  <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                  \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    \n
                  1. \u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\u5e76\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\n
                    python script.py hello world<\/p>\n
                    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                  2. \u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u89e3\u6790\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\n
                    import sys<\/p>\n
                    arg1 = sys.argv[1]<\/p>\n
                    arg2 = sys.argv[2]<\/p>\n
                    print(f'Argument 1: {arg1}')<\/p>\n
                    print(f'Argument 2: {arg2}')<\/p>\n
                    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                    \u4e5d\u3001\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    \u5728\u8fd0\u884cPython\u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528logging<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6392\u67e5\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    import logging<\/p>\n
                    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, filename='app.log', <\/p>\n
                                        filemode='a', format='%(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')<\/p>\n
                    logging.debug('This is a debug message')<\/p>\n
                    logging.info('This is an info message')<\/p>\n
                    logging.warning('This is a warning message')<\/p>\n
                    logging.error('This is an error message')<\/p>\n
                    logging.critical('This is a critical message')<\/p>\n
                    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                    \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      \n
                    1. \u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a\n
                      import logging<\/p>\n
                      logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, filename='app.log', <\/p>\n
                                          filemode='a', format='%(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')<\/p>\n
                      logging.debug('This is a debug message')<\/p>\n
                      logging.info('This is an info message')<\/p>\n
                      logging.warning('This is a warning message')<\/p>\n
                      logging.error('This is an error message')<\/p>\n
                      logging.critical('This is a critical message')<\/p>\n
                      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                    2. \u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6app.log<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                      \u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Linux\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8f7b\u677e\u8fd0\u884cPython\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u4ece\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c\u5230\u590d\u6742\u7684Docker\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                       \u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5Python\u73af\u5883\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\uff1f<\/strong>
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