{"id":1063431,"date":"2024-12-31T16:00:37","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T08:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1063431.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T16:00:39","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T08:00:39","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%af%bb%e5%8f%96txt%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e9%87%8c%e9%9d%a2%e7%9a%84%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1063431.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e\"<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684open\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u4f7f\u7528with\u8bed\u53e5\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u3001\u4f7f\u7528read\u3001readline\u3001readlines\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\u7b49\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528open\u51fd\u6570\u548cread\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

open\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002read\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

# \u4f7f\u7528open\u51fd\u6570\u548cread\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n
file = open('example.txt', 'r')  # 'r'\u8868\u793a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n
data = file.read()<\/p>\n
print(data)<\/p>\n
file.close()  # \u8bb0\u5f97\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528with\u8bed\u53e5\u548cread\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
with\u8bed\u53e5<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3awith\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528with\u8bed\u53e5\u548cread\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n
with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
    data = file.read()<\/p>\n
    print(data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528readline\u65b9\u6cd5\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
readline\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u884c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u9010\u884c\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528readline\u65b9\u6cd5\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
    line = file.readline()<\/p>\n
    while line:<\/p>\n
        print(line.strip())  # strip()\u53bb\u9664\u884c\u672b\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26<\/p>\n
        line = file.readline()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528readlines\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bfb\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u884c\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
readlines\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528readlines\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bfb\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u884c\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
    lines = file.readlines()<\/p>\n
    for line in lines:<\/p>\n
        print(line.strip())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8bfb\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u8fc7\u9ad8\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5757\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u5927\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
# \u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u5927\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
with open('large_file.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
    for line in file:<\/p>\n
        print(line.strip())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5757\u8bfb\u53d6\u5927\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
# \u5757\u8bfb\u53d6\u5927\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
def read_in_chunks(file_object, chunk_size=1024):<\/p>\n
    while True:<\/p>\n
        data = file_object.read(chunk_size)<\/p>\n
        if not data:<\/p>\n
            break<\/p>\n
        yield data<\/p>\n
with open('large_file.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
    for chunk in read_in_chunks(file):<\/p>\n
        print(chunk)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0cPython\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5982pandas\u5e93<\/strong>\u4e2d\u7684read_csv\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
df = pd.read_csv('example.csv')<\/p>\n
print(df)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u6216\u8005\u7f16\u7801\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528encoding\u53c2\u6570<\/strong>\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7f16\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n
with open('example.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:<\/p>\n
    data = file.read()<\/p>\n
    print(data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002open\u51fd\u6570\u3001with\u8bed\u53e5\u3001read\u3001readline\u3001readlines\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5757\u8bfb\u53d6\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u7b49\u5e93\u6765\u8bfb\u53d6\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u80fd\u638c\u63e1Python\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7075\u6d3b\u5e94\u7528\u3002Python\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u6613\u7528\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6253\u5f00\u548c\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u6253\u5f00txt\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5982'r'\u8868\u793a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:\n    data = file.read()\n    print(data)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8d44\u6e90\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u884c\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\uff1f<\/strong>
\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\uff01\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528readline()<\/code>\u6216\u8005readlines()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5c24\u4e3a\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u52a0\u8f7d\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u9010\u884c\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f7f\u7528strip()<\/code>\u53bb\u6389\u6bcf\u884c\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f7f\u7528try-except<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
try:\n    with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:\n        data = file.read()\nexcept FileNotFoundError:\n    print("\u6587\u4ef6\u672a\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u8bf7\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002")\nexcept IOError:\n    print("\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u3002")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5373\u4f7f\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e5f\u80fd\u4f18\u96c5\u5730\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684open\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u4f7f\u7528with\u8bed\u53e5\u7ba1\u7406\u6587 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1063440,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1063431"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1063431"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1063431\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1063443,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1063431\/revisions\/1063443"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1063440"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1063431"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1063431"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1063431"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}