{"id":1063868,"date":"2024-12-31T16:04:17","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T08:04:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1063868.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T16:04:19","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T08:04:19","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%b0%86%e8%be%93%e5%87%ba%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%9c%e5%ad%98%e4%b8%ba%e6%96%87%e6%a1%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1063868.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u4e3a\u6587\u6863"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u4e3a\u6587\u6863\"<\/p>\n

\u5c06Python\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u4e3a\u6587\u6863\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u5199\u5165\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u5982Pandas\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u5199\u5165\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7Python\u5185\u7f6e\u7684open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u5199\u5165\u5230\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u5199\u5165\u529f\u80fd<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8bfb\uff08'r'\uff09\u3001\u5199\uff08'w'\uff09\u3001\u8ffd\u52a0\uff08'a'\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u4f7f\u7528'w'\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u4f1a\u6e05\u7a7a\u539f\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

file = open('output.txt', 'w')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u5199\u5165\u5185\u5bb9<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528write()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5199\u5165\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u591a\u6b21\u8c03\u7528write()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5199\u5165\u591a\u884c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
file.write("\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5185\u5bb9\\n")<\/p>\n
file.write("\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u5185\u5bb9\\n")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b8c\u6210\u6587\u4ef6\u5199\u5165\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u5e76\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
file.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Pandas\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u5e93\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3aCSV\u6587\u4ef6\u6216Excel\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5b89\u88c5Pandas\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5c1a\u672a\u5b89\u88c5Pandas\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install pandas<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3aCSV\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728DataFrame\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528to_csv()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u5176\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3aCSV\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
data = {'Name': ['Alice', 'Bob'], 'Age': [25, 30]}<\/p>\n
df = pd.DataFrame(data)<\/p>\n
df.to_csv('output.csv', index=False)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3aExcel\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528to_excel()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06DataFrame\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3aExcel\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
df.to_excel('output.xlsx', index=False)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u5f55\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684logging<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u914d\u7f6e\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528logging.basicConfig()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u914d\u7f6e\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u65e5\u5fd7\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import logging<\/p>\n
logging.basicConfig(filename='app.log', level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528logging.info()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bb0\u5f55\u4fe1\u606f\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\u8fd8\u6709logging.debug()<\/code>\u3001logging.warning()<\/code>\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
logging.info("\u8fd9\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u65e5\u5fd7")<\/p>\n
logging.error("\u8fd9\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u5982OpenPyXL\u548cXlsxWriter<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86Pandas\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u95e8\u5904\u7406Excel\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u5982OpenPyXL\u548cXlsxWriter\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5b89\u88c5OpenPyXL<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
pip install openpyxl<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528OpenPyXL\u4fdd\u5b58Excel\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
from openpyxl import Workbook<\/p>\n
wb = Workbook()<\/p>\n
ws = wb.active<\/p>\n
ws.append(['Name', 'Age'])<\/p>\n
ws.append(['Alice', 25])<\/p>\n
ws.append(['Bob', 30])<\/p>\n
wb.save('output_openpyxl.xlsx')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u5b89\u88c5XlsxWriter<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
pip install XlsxWriter<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4. \u4f7f\u7528XlsxWriter\u4fdd\u5b58Excel\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
import xlsxwriter<\/p>\n
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('output_xlsxwriter.xlsx')<\/p>\n
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()<\/p>\n
worksheet.write('A1', 'Name')<\/p>\n
worksheet.write('B1', 'Age')<\/p>\n
worksheet.write('A2', 'Alice')<\/p>\n
worksheet.write('B2', 25)<\/p>\n
worksheet.write('A3', 'Bob')<\/p>\n
worksheet.write('B3', 30)<\/p>\n
workbook.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528JSON\u6a21\u5757\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3aJSON\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\uff0cJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684json<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3aJSON\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5bfc\u5165JSON\u6a21\u5757<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
import json<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165JSON\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
data = {'Name': 'Alice', 'Age': 25}<\/p>\n
with open('output.json', 'w') as file:<\/p>\n
    json.dump(data, file)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u8bfb\u53d6JSON\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528json.load()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bfb\u53d6JSON\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
with open('output.json', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
    data = json.load(file)<\/p>\n
    print(data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Pickle\u6a21\u5757\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Pickle\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06Python\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5bfc\u5165Pickle\u6a21\u5757<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
import pickle<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u5c06\u5bf9\u8c61\u5199\u5165Pickle\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
data = {'Name': 'Alice', 'Age': 25}<\/p>\n
with open('output.pkl', 'wb') as file:<\/p>\n
    pickle.dump(data, file)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u8bfb\u53d6Pickle\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
with open('output.pkl', 'rb') as file:<\/p>\n
    data = pickle.load(file)<\/p>\n
    print(data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u6587\u6863\u3002\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u5199\u5165\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u548cwrite()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u5982Pandas\u3001OpenPyXL\u548cXlsxWriter\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528logging<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528JSON\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Pickle\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u66f4\u52a0\u4fbf\u6377\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5c06Python\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f<\/strong>
\u8981\u5c06Python\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528write()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a  <\/p>\n
with open('output.txt', 'w') as file:\n    file.write('\u8fd9\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c')\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aoutput.txt<\/code>\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5199\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5f53\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cPython\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u591a\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982CSV\u3001JSON\u548cExcel\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5e93\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528pandas<\/code>\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3aCSV\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n
import pandas as pd\n\ndata = {'\u52171': [1, 2, 3], '\u52172': [4, 5, 6]}\ndf = pd.DataFrame(data)\ndf.to_csv('output.csv', index=False)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5c06Python\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230Word\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\uff1f<\/strong>
\u8981\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230Word\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528python-docx<\/code>\u5e93\u3002\u5b89\u88c5\u5e93\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aWord\u6587\u6863\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
from docx import Document\n\ndoc = Document()\ndoc.add_paragraph('\u8fd9\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c')\ndoc.save('output.docx')\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2aWord\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u60a8\u5e0c\u671b\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5c06Python\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u4e3a\u6587\u6863\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u5199\u5165\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u5982Pandas\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u6a21\u5757\u3002 \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1063881,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1063868"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1063868"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1063868\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1063883,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1063868\/revisions\/1063883"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1063881"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1063868"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1063868"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1063868"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}