{"id":1065328,"date":"2024-12-31T16:16:38","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T08:16:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1065328.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T16:16:41","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T08:16:41","slug":"python%e4%b8%ad%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e5%86%85%e5%ad%98%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1065328.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\"<\/p>\n

Python\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u81ea\u52a8\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u673a\u5236\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\u7b49\uff0c<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\u81ea\u52a8\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536<\/strong>\u662fPython\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u56de\u6536\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u5229\u7528\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u4e00\u822c\u91c7\u7528\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u548c\u6807\u8bb0-\u6e05\u9664\u3001\u5206\u4ee3\u6536\u96c6\u7b49\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u7ec6\u81f4\u5730\u4e86\u89e3Python\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c06\u4ece\u591a\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u52a8\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\uff08Garbage Collection\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0GC\uff09\u662fPython\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u56de\u6536\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002Python\u7684\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236\u4e3b\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u3001\u6807\u8bb0-\u6e05\u9664\u548c\u5206\u4ee3\u6536\u96c6\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u662fPython\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u7840\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u5f53\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u53d8\u4e3a0\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5c06\u88ab\u56de\u6536\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u65f6\u56de\u6536\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u5982\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
import sys<\/p>\n
a = []<\/p>\n
b = a<\/p>\n
print(sys.getrefcount(a))  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aa, b, getrefcount\u90fd\u5f15\u7528\u4e86a<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u6807\u8bb0-\u6e05\u9664<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6807\u8bb0-\u6e05\u9664\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5904\u7406\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u6807\u8bb0\u9636\u6bb5\u548c\u6e05\u9664\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u5728\u6807\u8bb0\u9636\u6bb5\uff0cGC\u4f1a\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u6807\u8bb0\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u8fbe\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u5728\u6e05\u9664\u9636\u6bb5\uff0cGC\u4f1a\u56de\u6536\u6240\u6709\u672a\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6807\u8bb0-\u6e05\u9664\u7b97\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5904\u7406\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500\u8f83\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u5206\u4ee3\u6536\u96c6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5206\u4ee3\u6536\u96c6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u5316\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002Python\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ee3\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b58\u6d3b\u65f6\u95f4\u5c06\u5176\u653e\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u4e2d\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cPython\u5c06\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4ee3\uff1a\u5e74\u8f7b\u4ee3\u3001\u4e2d\u751f\u4ee3\u548c\u8001\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\u5206\u4ee3\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\uff1a\u5e74\u8f7b\u4ee3\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u6d3b\u65f6\u95f4\u77ed\uff0c\u56de\u6536\u9891\u7387\u9ad8\uff1b\u8001\u5e74\u4ee3\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u6d3b\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\uff0c\u56de\u6536\u9891\u7387\u4f4e\u3002\u5206\u4ee3\u6536\u96c6\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u9ad8\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u91c7\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u9891\u7e41\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u76f8\u540c\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u5229\u7528\u3002Python\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u5c0f\u5bf9\u8c61\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u548c\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5c0f\u5bf9\u8c61\u5185\u5b58\u6c60<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5c0f\u5bf9\u8c61\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u5c0f\u4e8e256\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002Python\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5bf9\u8c61\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u76f8\u540c\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u5206\u914d\u5c0f\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u9891\u7e41\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u5185\u5b58\u6c60<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u5927\u4e8e256\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u5f00\u9500\u8f83\u5927\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u9891\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u673a\u5236<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u673a\u5236\u662fPython\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u5f53\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u53d8\u4e3a0\u65f6\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u56de\u6536\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u673a\u5236\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u65f6\u56de\u6536\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4f46\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u5982\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u589e\u52a0<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
a = [1, 2, 3]<\/p>\n
b = a<\/p>\n
print(sys.getrefcount(a))  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aa, b, getrefcount\u90fd\u5f15\u7528\u4e86a<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u51cf\u5c11<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u518d\u5f15\u7528\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
a = [1, 2, 3]<\/p>\n
b = a<\/p>\n
del b<\/p>\n
print(sys.getrefcount(a))  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a2\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709a\u548cgetrefcount\u5f15\u7528\u4e86a<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u673a\u5236\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e92\u76f8\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4e3a0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u56de\u6536\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898\uff0cPython\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u6807\u8bb0-\u6e05\u9664\u548c\u5206\u4ee3\u6536\u96c6\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
class Node:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, value):<\/p>\n
        self.value = value<\/p>\n
        self.next = None<\/p>\n
a = Node(1)<\/p>\n
b = Node(2)<\/p>\n
a.next = b<\/p>\n
b.next = a<\/p>\n
del a<\/p>\n
del b<\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8ea\u548cb\u4e92\u76f8\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u4e0d\u4e3a0\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u56de\u6536<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\uff08Memory Allocator\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u3002Python\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\uff1a\u5168\u5c40\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u9501\uff08GIL\uff09\u3001PyMalloc\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5168\u5c40\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u9501\uff08GIL\uff09<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5168\u5c40\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u9501\uff08Global Interpreter Lock\uff0cGIL\uff09\u662fPython\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u62a4\u5185\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002GIL\u786e\u4fdd\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6267\u884cPython\u5b57\u8282\u7801\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u867d\u7136GIL\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001PyMalloc<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
PyMalloc\u662fPython\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u5316\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u52a0\u901f\u5c0f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u3002PyMalloc\u901a\u8fc7\u7ef4\u62a4\u591a\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u3002PyMalloc\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u5c0f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u788e\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\uff08\u5982malloc\u548cfree\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u5f00\u9500\u8f83\u5927\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u9891\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u548c\u4f18\u5316<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u662f\u6307\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u56de\u6536\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u907f\u514d\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f31\u5f15\u7528\uff08weak reference\uff09\u6216\u624b\u52a8\u89e3\u9664\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
import weakref<\/p>\n
class Node:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, value):<\/p>\n
        self.value = value<\/p>\n
        self.next = None<\/p>\n
a = Node(1)<\/p>\n
b = Node(2)<\/p>\n
a.next = weakref.ref(b)<\/p>\n
b.next = weakref.ref(a)<\/p>\n
del a<\/p>\n
del b<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u5f31\u5f15\u7528\u907f\u514d\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u6c60<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u7ba1\u7406\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u9ad8\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u788e\u7247\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u9891\u7e41\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u5c0f\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f18\u5316\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u80fd\u591f\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f18\u5316\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \u5c3d\u91cf\u590d\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u9891\u7e41\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f00\u9500<\/li>\n
  • \u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u7b49\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528<\/li>\n
  • \u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u5927\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5927\u5b57\u5178\u7b49<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    4\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u76d1\u63a7\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u80fd\u591f\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982memory_profiler\u3001objgraph\u7b49\uff09\u76d1\u63a7\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    # \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
    from memory_profiler import profile<\/p>\n
    @profile<\/p>\n
    def my_function():<\/p>\n
        a = [1] * (10  6)<\/p>\n
        b = [2] * (2 * 10  7)<\/p>\n
        del b<\/p>\n
        return a<\/p>\n
    my_function()<\/p>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528memory_profiler\u76d1\u63a7\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0cPython\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u52a8\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u673a\u5236\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u662fPython\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u3001\u6807\u8bb0-\u6e05\u9664\u548c\u5206\u4ee3\u6536\u96c6\u7b49\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u5229\u7528\u3002\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u7ba1\u7406\u80fd\u591f\u51cf\u5c11\u9891\u7e41\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u673a\u5236\u662fPython\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f46\u5b58\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u6807\u8bb0-\u6e05\u9664\u548c\u5206\u4ee3\u6536\u96c6\u7b97\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u76d1\u63a7\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
     \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\uff1f<\/strong>
    Python\u81ea\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236\u548c\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u7ba1\u7406\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6210\u5668\u66ff\u4ee3\u5217\u8868\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u624b\u52a8\u8c03\u7528gc.collect()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u89e6\u53d1\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u5982objgraph<\/code>\u548cmemory_profiler<\/code>\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u4ec0\u4e48\u662fPython\u7684\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1f<\/strong>
    Python\u7684\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u548c\u5faa\u73af\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u5f53\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u964d\u4e3a\u96f6\u65f6\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\uff0cPython\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5b9a\u671f\u68c0\u67e5\u90a3\u4e9b\u76f8\u4e92\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u80fd\u88ab\u56de\u6536\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5982\u4f55\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u89e3\u51b3Python\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u672a\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u5982memory_profiler<\/code>\u548cobjgraph<\/code>\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u54ea\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u672a\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u786e\u4fdd\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u88ab\u9002\u65f6\u6e05\u9664\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5f31\u5f15\u7528(weakref<\/code>)\u6765\u907f\u514d\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u91cd\u6784\u4ee3\u7801\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u521b\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u81ea\u52a8\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u673a\u5236\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\u7b49\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u81ea\u52a8\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u662f […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1065340,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1065328"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1065328"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1065328\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1065341,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1065328\/revisions\/1065341"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1065340"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1065328"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1065328"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1065328"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}