{"id":1072000,"date":"2025-01-08T11:12:18","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T03:12:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1072000.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T11:12:21","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T03:12:21","slug":"python%e4%b8%ad%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%bf%9e%e6%8e%a5%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1072000.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\"<\/p>\n

Python\u4e2d\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u3001\u4f7f\u7528MySQL\u3001\u4f7f\u7528PostgreSQL\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u3002<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u662f\u4ecePython\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e9bSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u3002Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLite<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

SQLite\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u3001\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7684SQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5c0f\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u5f00\u53d1\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u5b83\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u9700\u5b89\u88c5\u4efb\u4f55\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import sqlite3<\/p>\n
def connect_to_sqlite(db_name):<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        conn = sqlite3.connect(db_name)<\/p>\n
        print("Successfully connected to SQLite")<\/p>\n
        return conn<\/p>\n
    except sqlite3.Error as error:<\/p>\n
        print("Error while connecting to SQLite", error)<\/p>\n
def create_table(conn):<\/p>\n
    cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (<\/p>\n
                      id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,<\/p>\n
                      name TEXT NOT NULL,<\/p>\n
                      age INTEGER NOT NULL);''')<\/p>\n
    conn.commit()<\/p>\n
def insert_data(conn, name, age):<\/p>\n
    cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (?, ?)", (name, age))<\/p>\n
    conn.commit()<\/p>\n
def query_data(conn):<\/p>\n
    cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users")<\/p>\n
    rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
    for row in rows:<\/p>\n
        print(row)<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__mAI<\/a>n__":<\/p>\n
    conn = connect_to_sqlite("test.db")<\/p>\n
    create_table(conn)<\/p>\n
    insert_data(conn, 'John Doe', 29)<\/p>\n
    query_data(conn)<\/p>\n
    conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
SQLite\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u96f6\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u548c\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528MySQL<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
MySQL\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u5230MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5mysql-connector-python<\/code>\u6216pymysql<\/code>\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \u4f7f\u7528mysql-connector-python\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    import mysql.connector<\/p>\n
    def connect_to_mysql(host, user, password, database):<\/p>\n
        try:<\/p>\n
            conn = mysql.connector.connect(<\/p>\n
                host=host,<\/p>\n
                user=user,<\/p>\n
                password=password,<\/p>\n
                database=database<\/p>\n
            )<\/p>\n
            print("Successfully connected to MySQL")<\/p>\n
            return conn<\/p>\n
        except mysql.connector.Error as error:<\/p>\n
            print("Error while connecting to MySQL", error)<\/p>\n
    def create_table(conn):<\/p>\n
        cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
        cursor.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (<\/p>\n
                          id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,<\/p>\n
                          name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,<\/p>\n
                          age INT NOT NULL);''')<\/p>\n
        conn.commit()<\/p>\n
    def insert_data(conn, name, age):<\/p>\n
        cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
        cursor.execute("INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (%s, %s)", (name, age))<\/p>\n
        conn.commit()<\/p>\n
    def query_data(conn):<\/p>\n
        cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
        cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users")<\/p>\n
        rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
        for row in rows:<\/p>\n
            print(row)<\/p>\n
    if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
        conn = connect_to_mysql("localhost", "root", "password", "test_db")<\/p>\n
        create_table(conn)<\/p>\n
        insert_data(conn, 'Jane Doe', 25)<\/p>\n
        query_data(conn)<\/p>\n
        conn.close()<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u4f7f\u7528PyMySQL\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      import pymysql<\/p>\n
      def connect_to_mysql(host, user, password, database):<\/p>\n
          try:<\/p>\n
              conn = pymysql.connect(<\/p>\n
                  host=host,<\/p>\n
                  user=user,<\/p>\n
                  password=password,<\/p>\n
                  database=database<\/p>\n
              )<\/p>\n
              print("Successfully connected to MySQL")<\/p>\n
              return conn<\/p>\n
          except pymysql.MySQLError as error:<\/p>\n
              print("Error while connecting to MySQL", error)<\/p>\n
      def create_table(conn):<\/p>\n
          cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
          cursor.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (<\/p>\n
                            id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,<\/p>\n
                            name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,<\/p>\n
                            age INT NOT NULL);''')<\/p>\n
          conn.commit()<\/p>\n
      def insert_data(conn, name, age):<\/p>\n
          cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
          cursor.execute("INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (%s, %s)", (name, age))<\/p>\n
          conn.commit()<\/p>\n
      def query_data(conn):<\/p>\n
          cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
          cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users")<\/p>\n
          rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
          for row in rows:<\/p>\n
              print(row)<\/p>\n
      if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
          conn = connect_to_mysql("localhost", "root", "password", "test_db")<\/p>\n
          create_table(conn)<\/p>\n
          insert_data(conn, 'Jane Doe', 25)<\/p>\n
          query_data(conn)<\/p>\n
          conn.close()<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528PostgreSQL<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      PostgreSQL\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u5408\u89c4\u6027\u3002\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u5230PostgreSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5psycopg2<\/code>\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      import psycopg2<\/p>\n
      def connect_to_postgresql(host, user, password, database):<\/p>\n
          try:<\/p>\n
              conn = psycopg2.connect(<\/p>\n
                  host=host,<\/p>\n
                  user=user,<\/p>\n
                  password=password,<\/p>\n
                  database=database<\/p>\n
              )<\/p>\n
              print("Successfully connected to PostgreSQL")<\/p>\n
              return conn<\/p>\n
          except psycopg2.Error as error:<\/p>\n
              print("Error while connecting to PostgreSQL", error)<\/p>\n
      def create_table(conn):<\/p>\n
          cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
          cursor.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (<\/p>\n
                            id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,<\/p>\n
                            name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,<\/p>\n
                            age INT NOT NULL);''')<\/p>\n
          conn.commit()<\/p>\n
      def insert_data(conn, name, age):<\/p>\n
          cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
          cursor.execute("INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (%s, %s)", (name, age))<\/p>\n
          conn.commit()<\/p>\n
      def query_data(conn):<\/p>\n
          cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
          cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users")<\/p>\n
          rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
          for row in rows:<\/p>\n
              print(row)<\/p>\n
      if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
          conn = connect_to_postgresql("localhost", "postgres", "password", "test_db")<\/p>\n
          create_table(conn)<\/p>\n
          insert_data(conn, 'John Smith', 35)<\/p>\n
          query_data(conn)<\/p>\n
          conn.close()<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      SQLAlchemy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aPython SQL\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff08ORM\uff09\u5e93\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u6301\u4e45\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5bf9\u8c61\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u5199SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3002SQLAlchemy\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5305\u62ecSQLite\u3001MySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, String<\/p>\n
      from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base<\/p>\n
      from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker<\/p>\n
      Base = declarative_base()<\/p>\n
      class User(Base):<\/p>\n
          __tablename__ = 'users'<\/p>\n
          id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)<\/p>\n
          name = Column(String, nullable=False)<\/p>\n
          age = Column(Integer, nullable=False)<\/p>\n
      def connect_to_database(uri):<\/p>\n
          try:<\/p>\n
              engine = create_engine(uri)<\/p>\n
              Base.metadata.create_all(engine)<\/p>\n
              print("Successfully connected to the database")<\/p>\n
              return engine<\/p>\n
          except Exception as error:<\/p>\n
              print("Error while connecting to the database", error)<\/p>\n
      def insert_data(engine, name, age):<\/p>\n
          Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)<\/p>\n
          session = Session()<\/p>\n
          new_user = User(name=name, age=age)<\/p>\n
          session.add(new_user)<\/p>\n
          session.commit()<\/p>\n
      def query_data(engine):<\/p>\n
          Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)<\/p>\n
          session = Session()<\/p>\n
          users = session.query(User).all()<\/p>\n
          for user in users:<\/p>\n
              print(user.id, user.name, user.age)<\/p>\n
      if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
          engine = connect_to_database("sqlite:\/\/\/test.db")<\/p>\n
          insert_data(engine, 'Alice', 28)<\/p>\n
          query_data(engine)<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5305\u62ecSQLite\u3001MySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u548cSQLAlchemy\u7b49\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u9002\u7528\u7684\u573a\u666f\u548c\u4f18\u52bf\u3002SQLite\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5c0f\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0cMySQL\u548cPostgreSQL\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0cSQLAlchemy\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86ORM\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u5347\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
       \u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0ePython\u8fde\u63a5\uff1f<\/strong>
      \u5728\u9009\u62e9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u9891\u7387\u548c\u5e76\u53d1\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5305\u62ecMySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u3001SQLite\u548cMongoDB\u7b49\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u7684Python\u5e93\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528mysql-connector-python<\/code>\u8fde\u63a5MySQL\uff0cpsycopg2<\/code>\u8fde\u63a5PostgreSQL\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528sqlite3<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u8fde\u63a5SQLite\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u5404\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u505a\u51fa\u660e\u667a\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u54ea\u4e9b\u5e93\uff1f<\/strong>
      \u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eMySQL\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5mysql-connector-python<\/code>\u6216PyMySQL<\/code>\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8ePostgreSQL\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528psycopg2<\/code>\uff1b\u800cSQLite\u5219\u5df2\u7ecf\u5185\u7f6e\u4e8ePython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u5b89\u88c5\u5e93\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u901a\u8fc7pip<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1apip install mysql-connector-python<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u5f02\u5e38\uff1f<\/strong>
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