{"id":1075100,"date":"2025-01-08T11:40:54","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T03:40:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1075100.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T11:40:57","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T03:40:57","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%b0%86%e5%8f%98%e9%87%8f%e4%bc%a0%e5%85%a5%e8%84%9a%e6%9c%ac%e4%b8%ad-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1075100.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u4f20\u5165\u811a\u672c\u4e2d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u4f20\u5165\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\"<\/p>\n

Python\u4e2d\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u4f20\u5165\u811a\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u52a8\u6001\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u811a\u672c\u3002Python\u7684argparse<\/code>\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u89e3\u6790\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u4f7f\u7528 argparse<\/code> \u6a21\u5757<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bfc\u5165 argparse<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u6dfb\u52a0\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import argparse<\/p>\n
def mAI<\/a>n():<\/p>\n
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='\u793a\u4f8b\u811a\u672c')<\/p>\n
    parser.add_argument('name', type=str, help='\u7528\u6237\u540d\u79f0')<\/p>\n
    parser.add_argument('age', type=int, help='\u7528\u6237\u5e74\u9f84')<\/p>\n
    args = parser.parse_args()<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u540d\u79f0: {args.name}")<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u5e74\u9f84: {args.age}")<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
    main()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python script.py Alice 30<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u53ef\u9009\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
argparse<\/code> \u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u53ef\u9009\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import argparse<\/p>\n
def main():<\/p>\n
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='\u793a\u4f8b\u811a\u672c')<\/p>\n
    parser.add_argument('--name', type=str, required=True, help='\u7528\u6237\u540d\u79f0')<\/p>\n
    parser.add_argument('--age', type=int, default=20, help='\u7528\u6237\u5e74\u9f84')<\/p>\n
    args = parser.parse_args()<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u540d\u79f0: {args.name}")<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u5e74\u9f84: {args.age}")<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
    main()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python script.py --name Alice --age 30<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6216\u8005\u7701\u7565\u53ef\u9009\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python script.py --name Alice<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u522b\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u5168\u5c40\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
export NAME=Alice<\/p>\n
export AGE=30<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 os.environ<\/code> \u8bfb\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import os<\/p>\n
def main():<\/p>\n
    name = os.getenv('NAME')<\/p>\n
    age = os.getenv('AGE')<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u540d\u79f0: {name}")<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u5e74\u9f84: {age}")<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
    main()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u914d\u7f6e\u6216\u591a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u521b\u5efa\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a config.ini<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
[DEFAULT]<\/p>\n
name = Alice<\/p>\n
age = 30<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u8bfb\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 configparser<\/code> \u8bfb\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import configparser<\/p>\n
def main():<\/p>\n
    config = configparser.ConfigParser()<\/p>\n
    config.read('config.ini')<\/p>\n
    name = config['DEFAULT']['name']<\/p>\n
    age = config['DEFAULT'].getint('age')<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u540d\u79f0: {name}")<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u5e74\u9f84: {age}")<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
    main()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u811a\u672c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u4f7f\u7528 input<\/code> \u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
def main():<\/p>\n
    name = input("\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u540d\u79f0: ")<\/p>\n
    age = int(input("\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u5e74\u9f84: "))<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u540d\u79f0: {name}")<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u5e74\u9f84: {age}")<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
    main()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5c06\u88ab\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u4f20\u5165\u811a\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6<\/strong>\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u811a\u672c\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u6613\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9Python\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u53d8\u91cf\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528sys<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7684argv<\/code>\u5217\u8868\u6765\u63a5\u6536\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u901a\u8fc7sys.argv<\/code>\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u811a\u672c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dsys.argv[0]<\/code>\u662f\u811a\u672c\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u5143\u7d20\u5219\u662f\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd0\u884cpython script.py arg1 arg2<\/code>\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7sys.argv[1]<\/code>\u548csys.argv[2]<\/code>\u8bbf\u95eearg1<\/code>\u548carg2<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n
\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u4f20\u5165Python\u811a\u672c\uff1f<\/strong>
\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7os<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u8f7b\u677e\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u4f7f\u7528os.environ<\/code>\u5b57\u5178\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfexport MY_VAR=value<\/code>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728Python\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528import os<\/code>\u548cos.environ['MY_VAR']<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6\u5176\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u9012\u53d8\u91cf\uff1f<\/strong>
\u4f7f\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528configparser<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728Python\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u96c6\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528INI\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u8282\uff08sections\uff09\u548c\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff08key-value pairs\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u52a0\u8f7d\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u8bbf\u95ee\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8282\u548c\u952e\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528JSON\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u9012\u53d8\u91cf\u5230Python\u811a\u672c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u597d\u5904\uff1f<\/strong>
\u4f7f\u7528JSON\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u9012\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7json<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u89e3\u6790JSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u4ee5JSON\u683c\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528json.load()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aPython\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u76f4\u89c2\u3002JSON\u683c\u5f0f\u4e5f\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u4e2d\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u4f20\u5165\u811a\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1075111,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1075100"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1075100"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1075100\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1075113,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1075100\/revisions\/1075113"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1075111"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1075100"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1075100"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1075100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}