{"id":1077093,"date":"2025-01-08T11:59:09","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T03:59:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1077093.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T11:59:11","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T03:59:11","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8python%e4%bb%a3%e7%a0%81%e6%8a%a2%e7%81%ab%e8%bd%a6%e7%a5%a8-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1077093.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u4ee3\u7801\u62a2\u706b\u8f66\u7968"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u4ee3\u7801\u62a2\u706b\u8f66\u7968\"<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u7528Python\u4ee3\u7801\u62a2\u706b\u8f66\u7968<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u4ee3\u7801\u62a2\u706b\u8f66\u7968\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u8f66\u7968\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u63d0\u4ea4\u8ba2\u5355\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u5904\u7406\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u3002<\/strong> \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u662f\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u8bbf\u95ee12306\u7b49\u552e\u7968\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u6790\u8f66\u7968\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u8f66\u6b21\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4ea4\u8ba2\u5355\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6210\u529f\u9884\u8ba2\u8f66\u7968\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u662f\u6210\u529f\u62a2\u7968\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f16\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u64cd\u4f5c12306\u7b49\u552e\u7968\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u3002Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5e93\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u73b0\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982requests\u5e93\u548cSelenium\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2. \u4f7f\u7528Requests\u5e93\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

Requests\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u6d01\u4e14\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684HTTP\u5e93\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Requests\u5e93\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import requests<\/p>\n
\u767b\u5f55URL<\/strong><\/h2>\n
login_url = 'https:\/\/kyfw.12306.cn\/otn\/login\/init'<\/p>\n
\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
data = {<\/p>\n
    'username': 'your_username',<\/p>\n
    'password': 'your_password'<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/strong><\/h2>\n
session = requests.Session()<\/p>\n
\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n
response = session.post(login_url, data=data)<\/p>\n
\u68c0\u67e5\u767b\u5f55\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
if response.status_code == 200:<\/p>\n
    print('\u767b\u5f55\u6210\u529f')<\/p>\n
else:<\/p>\n
    print('\u767b\u5f55\u5931\u8d25')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u5e93\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Selenium\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u5e93\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668<\/strong><\/h2>\n
driver = webdriver.Chrome()<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5f00\u767b\u5f55\u9875\u9762<\/strong><\/h2>\n
driver.get('https:\/\/kyfw.12306.cn\/otn\/login\/init')<\/p>\n
\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801<\/strong><\/h2>\n
driver.find_element_by_id('username').send_keys('your_username')<\/p>\n
driver.find_element_by_id('password').send_keys('your_password')<\/p>\n
\u70b9\u51fb\u767b\u5f55\u6309\u94ae<\/strong><\/h2>\n
driver.find_element_by_id('loginButton').click()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u8f66\u7968\u4fe1\u606f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u83b7\u53d6\u8f66\u7968\u67e5\u8be2\u63a5\u53e3<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u53d6\u8f66\u7968\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u627e\u523012306\u7b49\u552e\u7968\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u8f66\u7968\u67e5\u8be2\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a5\u53e3\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5305\u542b\u8f66\u7968\u4fe1\u606f\u7684JSON\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u89e3\u6790\u8f66\u7968\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Python\u89e3\u6790JSON\u6570\u636e\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u89e3\u6790\u8f66\u7968\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
\u8f66\u7968\u67e5\u8be2URL<\/strong><\/h2>\n
query_url = 'https:\/\/kyfw.12306.cn\/otn\/leftTicket\/query'<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
params = {<\/p>\n
    'leftTicketDTO.trAI<\/a>n_date': '2023-12-01',<\/p>\n
    'leftTicketDTO.from_station': 'SHH',<\/p>\n
    'leftTicketDTO.to_station': 'BJP',<\/p>\n
    'purpose_codes': 'ADULT'<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u8d77\u67e5\u8be2\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h2>\n
response = requests.get(query_url, params=params)<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u6790JSON\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
train_data = response.json()<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5370\u8f66\u7968\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for train in train_data['data']['result']:<\/p>\n
    print(train)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u63d0\u4ea4\u8ba2\u5355\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u6784\u5efa\u8ba2\u5355\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8f66\u6b21\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6784\u5efa\u5e76\u63d0\u4ea4\u8ba2\u5355\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8ba2\u5355\u8bf7\u6c42\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u4e58\u5ba2\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u8f66\u6b21\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u63d0\u4ea4\u8ba2\u5355\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u63d0\u4ea4\u8ba2\u5355\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u4ea4\u8ba2\u5355URL<\/strong><\/h2>\n
order_url = 'https:\/\/kyfw.12306.cn\/otn\/leftTicket\/submitOrderRequest'<\/p>\n
\u8ba2\u5355\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
order_data = {<\/p>\n
    'secretStr': 'train_secret_str',<\/p>\n
    'train_date': '2023-12-01',<\/p>\n
    'back_train_date': '2023-11-30',<\/p>\n
    'tour_flag': 'dc',<\/p>\n
    'purpose_codes': 'ADULT',<\/p>\n
    'query_from_station_name': 'Shanghai',<\/p>\n
    'query_to_station_name': 'Beijing',<\/p>\n
    'undefined': ''<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u4ea4\u8ba2\u5355<\/strong><\/h2>\n
response = requests.post(order_url, data=order_data)<\/p>\n
\u68c0\u67e5\u8ba2\u5355\u63d0\u4ea4\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
if response.status_code == 200:<\/p>\n
    print('\u8ba2\u5355\u63d0\u4ea4\u6210\u529f')<\/p>\n
else:<\/p>\n
    print('\u8ba2\u5355\u63d0\u4ea4\u5931\u8d25')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u63d0\u4ea4\u8ba2\u5355\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u3002\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u6076\u610f\u62a2\u7968\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bc6\u522b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u662f\u6210\u529f\u62a2\u7968\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u8bc6\u522b\u670d\u52a1<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u8bc6\u522b\u670d\u52a1\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u8bc6\u522b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u8bc6\u522b\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u8bc6\u522b\u670d\u52a1URL<\/strong><\/h2>\n
captcha_url = 'https:\/\/third-party-captcha-service.com\/recognize'<\/p>\n
\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u56fe\u7247URL<\/strong><\/h2>\n
captcha_image_url = 'https:\/\/kyfw.12306.cn\/otn\/passcodeNew\/getPassCodeNew'<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u56fe\u7247<\/strong><\/h2>\n
captcha_image = requests.get(captcha_image_url).content<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u9001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u56fe\u7247\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc6\u522b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
response = requests.post(captcha_url, files={'captcha': captcha_image})<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u8bc6\u522b\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
captcha_text = response.json()['text']<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5370\u8bc6\u522b\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print('\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u8bc6\u522b\u7ed3\u679c:', captcha_text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u5efa\u8bae<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u62a2\u706b\u8f66\u7968\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u548c\u5408\u89c4\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u6076\u610f\u62a2\u7968\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168<\/strong>\uff1a\u6ce8\u610f\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6cc4\u9732\u8d26\u53f7\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f18\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u8f66\u7968\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u63d0\u4ea4\u8ba2\u5355\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u5904\u7406\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u7b49\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f7f\u7528Python\u4ee3\u7801\u62a2\u706b\u8f66\u7968\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u80fd\u4e3a\u60a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u548c\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
     \u5982\u4f55\u7528Python\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u8d2d\u7968\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u52a8\u8d2d\u7968\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u8c03\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8d2d\u7968API\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u719f\u6089requests\u5e93\u6765\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0cBeautifulSoup\u5e93\u6765\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u5e93\u6765\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u548c\u8d2d\u7968\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u83b7\u53d6\u8f66\u6b21\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5ea7\u4f4d\u3001\u63d0\u4ea4\u8ba2\u5355\u7b49\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u4f7f\u7528Python\u62a2\u7968\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u54ea\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u5728\u4f7f\u7528Python\u62a2\u7968\u65f6\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u9075\u5faa\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u548c\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u6b3e\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u53ef\u80fd\u7981\u6b62\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u9700\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8d26\u53f7\u88ab\u5c01\u7981\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u62a2\u7968\u884c\u4e3a\u5e94\u5f53\u9075\u5faa\u516c\u5e73\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u8d2d\u7968\u8005\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u516c\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u6709\u54ea\u4e9bPython\u5e93\u63a8\u8350\u7528\u4e8e\u62a2\u7968\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\uff1f<\/strong>
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