{"id":1078384,"date":"2025-01-08T12:11:05","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T04:11:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1078384.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T12:11:07","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T04:11:07","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%89%93%e5%bc%80%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e9%93%be%e6%8e%a5-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1078384.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\"<\/p>\n

Python\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528webbrowser<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u4f7f\u7528urllib<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cwebbrowser<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u6253\u5f00\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0crequests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff0curllib<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u591a\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800cSelenium\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u9875\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6253\u5f00\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528webbrowser<\/code>\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

webbrowser<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import webbrowser<\/p>\n
url = 'http:\/\/www.example.com'<\/p>\n
webbrowser.open(url)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5728\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684HTTP\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u6216\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742HTTP\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
url = 'http:\/\/www.example.com'<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u7b80\u5355\u7684API\u3001\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u793e\u533a\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/strong>\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u5b8c\u6210HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3001Cookie\u5904\u7406\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\u3001SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528urllib<\/code>\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
urllib<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u4e5f\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5904\u7406URL\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5b83\u6bd4webbrowser<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u66f4\u5e95\u5c42\uff0c\u6bd4requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import urllib.request<\/p>\n
url = 'http:\/\/www.example.com'<\/p>\n
response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)<\/p>\n
print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
urllib<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u5e95\u5c42\u7684HTTP\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5904\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u3001\u7ba1\u7406HTTP\u5934\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Selenium<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Selenium\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
url = 'http:\/\/www.example.com'<\/p>\n
driver = webdriver.Chrome()<\/p>\n
driver.get(url)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
Selenium\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u70b9\u51fb\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u7b49\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u722c\u866b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u6790requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5f00\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
url = 'http:\/\/www.example.com'<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
url = 'http:\/\/www.example.com'<\/p>\n
data = {'key': 'value'}<\/p>\n
response = requests.post(url, data=data)<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4fbf\u6377\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u83b7\u53d6\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3001\u5934\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
url = 'http:\/\/www.example.com'<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
print(response.status_code)<\/p>\n
print(response.headers)<\/p>\n
print(response.content)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u5904\u7406Cookies<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u652f\u6301\u5904\u7406Cookies\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
url = 'http:\/\/www.example.com'<\/p>\n
session = requests.Session()<\/p>\n
response = session.get(url)<\/p>\n
print(response.cookies)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u652f\u6301\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
url = 'http:\/\/www.example.com\/upload'<\/p>\n
files = {'file': open('example.txt', 'rb')}<\/p>\n
response = requests.post(url, files=files)<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
6\u3001SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u9a8c\u8bc1SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
url = 'https:\/\/www.example.com'<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url, verify=True)<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
7\u3001\u4ee3\u7406\u652f\u6301<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
requests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u652f\u6301\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7406\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
url = 'http:\/\/www.example.com'<\/p>\n
proxies = {<\/p>\n
    'http': 'http:\/\/10.10.1.10:3128',<\/p>\n
    'https': 'http:\/\/10.10.1.10:1080',<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url, proxies=proxies)<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0cPython\u80fd\u591f\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u6253\u5f00\u94fe\u63a5\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002webbrowser<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u6253\u5f00\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0crequests<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff0curllib<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u591a\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800cSelenium\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u9875\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u9002\u7528\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u80fd\u591f\u4e8b\u534a\u529f\u500d\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5e93\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u5740\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u6253\u5f00\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u5740\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86requests<\/code>\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4pip install requests<\/code>\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a  <\/p>\n
import requests\n\nurl = 'https:\/\/www.example.com'\nresponse = requests.get(url)\n\nif response.status_code == 200:\n    print(response.text)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\nelse:\n    print(f"\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff1a{response.status_code}")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5f00\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
Python\u6253\u5f00\u94fe\u63a5\u65f6\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u6253\u5f00\u94fe\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u7f51\u5740\u9519\u8bef\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u4f7f\u7528try...except<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u6355\u83b7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a  <\/p>\n
import requests\n\nurl = 'https:\/\/www.example.com'\ntry:\n    response = requests.get(url)\n    response.rAI<\/a>se_for_status()  # \u68c0\u67e5\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\n    print(response.text)\nexcept requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:\n    print(f"\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff1a{e}")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u4f18\u96c5\u5730\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6253\u5f00\u94fe\u63a5\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u6790HTML\u5185\u5bb9\uff1f<\/strong>
\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u6790\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u8fdb\u884cHTML\u89e3\u6790\u3002\u5b89\u88c5\u5e93\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a  <\/p>\n
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup\nimport requests\n\nurl = 'https:\/\/www.example.com'\nresponse = requests.get(url)\nsoup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')\n\n# \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u94fe\u63a5\nfor link in soup.find_all('a'):\n    print(link.get('href'))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
BeautifulSoup<\/code>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u63d0\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u6216\u5185\u5bb9\u6293\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528webbrowser\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u4f7f\u7528requests\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u4f7f\u7528urll […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1078388,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1078384"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1078384"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1078384\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1078392,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1078384\/revisions\/1078392"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1078388"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1078384"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1078384"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1078384"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}