{"id":1080384,"date":"2025-01-08T12:29:36","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T04:29:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1080384.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T12:29:38","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T04:29:38","slug":"python-%e7%9a%84%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%88%a0%e9%99%a4%e6%9f%90%e4%b8%aa%e5%b1%9e%e6%80%a7%e7%9a%84%e5%80%bc-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1080384.html","title":{"rendered":"python \u7684\u5982\u4f55\u5220\u9664\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u503c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python<\/p>\n

Python \u5220\u9664\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u503c\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 del<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 setattr<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a None<\/code>\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 __dict__<\/code> \u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u51e0\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5220\u9664\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 del<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5<\/strong> \u662f\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u5b8c\u5168\u5220\u9664\u5c5e\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u503c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 setattr<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a None<\/code><\/strong> \u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5c06\u5176\u503c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a None<\/code>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 __dict__<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027<\/strong> \u6765\u5220\u9664\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001DEL \u8bed\u53e5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

del<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5\u662fPython\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 del<\/code> \u5220\u9664\u5c5e\u6027\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u5c5e\u6027\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bbf\u95ee\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5c06\u5f15\u53d1 AttributeError<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

class MyClass:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self):<\/p>\n
        self.attribute = "value"<\/p>\n
obj = MyClass()<\/p>\n
print(obj.attribute)  # \u8f93\u51fa: value<\/p>\n
\u5220\u9664\u5c5e\u6027<\/strong><\/h2>\n
del obj.attribute<\/p>\n
\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1 AttributeError<\/strong><\/h2>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    print(obj.attribute)<\/p>\n
except AttributeError:<\/p>\n
    print("Attribute has been deleted")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001SETATTR \u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a NONE<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5b8c\u5168\u5220\u9664\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a None<\/code>\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\u5c5e\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u5c5e\u6027\u6ca1\u6709\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 setattr<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class MyClass:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self):<\/p>\n
        self.attribute = "value"<\/p>\n
obj = MyClass()<\/p>\n
print(obj.attribute)  # \u8f93\u51fa: value<\/p>\n
\u5c06\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a None<\/strong><\/h2>\n
setattr(obj, 'attribute', None)<\/p>\n
print(obj.attribute)  # \u8f93\u51fa: None<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c DICT<\/strong> \u5c5e\u6027<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6bcf\u4e2aPython\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a __dict__<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\u6765\u5220\u9664\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class MyClass:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self):<\/p>\n
        self.attribute = "value"<\/p>\n
obj = MyClass()<\/p>\n
print(obj.attribute)  # \u8f93\u51fa: value<\/p>\n
\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece __dict__ \u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5c5e\u6027<\/strong><\/h2>\n
del obj.__dict__['attribute']<\/p>\n
\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1 AttributeError<\/strong><\/h2>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    print(obj.attribute)<\/p>\n
except AttributeError:<\/p>\n
    print("Attribute has been deleted")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u5404\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001DEL \u8bed\u53e5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \u4f18\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\n
      \n
    • \u7b80\u5355\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u8bed\u6cd5\u6613\u61c2\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u5b8c\u5168\u5220\u9664\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • \u7f3a\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\n
        \n
      • \u5220\u9664\u540e\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u7559\u5c5e\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 AttributeError<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        2\u3001SETATTR \u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a NONE<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        • \u4f18\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\n
            \n
          • \u4fdd\u7559\u5c5e\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u907f\u514d AttributeError<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u6682\u65f6\u6e05\u7a7a\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u4fdd\u7559\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
          • \u7f3a\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\n
              \n
            • \u5c5e\u6027\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5360\u7528\u4e00\u5b9a\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              3\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c DICT<\/strong> \u5c5e\u6027<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
                \n
              • \u4f18\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\n
                  \n
                • \u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u4f4e\u7ea7\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n
                • \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u52a8\u6001\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                • \u7f3a\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\n
                    \n
                  • \u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u5dee\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982 del<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5\u76f4\u89c2\u3002<\/li>\n
                  • \u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5185\u90e8\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                    \u4e94\u3001\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
                    1\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u5c5e\u6027<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
                    \u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u52a8\u6001\u5c5e\u6027\u7ba1\u7406\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 __dict__<\/code> \u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c5e\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    class DynamicAttributes:<\/p>\n
                        def __init__(self):<\/p>\n
                            self.__dict__['attributes'] = {}<\/p>\n
                        def __getattr__(self, name):<\/p>\n
                            return self.attributes.get(name, None)<\/p>\n
                        def __setattr__(self, name, value):<\/p>\n
                            self.attributes[name] = value<\/p>\n
                        def __delattr__(self, name):<\/p>\n
                            if name in self.attributes:<\/p>\n
                                del self.attributes[name]<\/p>\n
                    obj = DynamicAttributes()<\/p>\n
                    obj.new_attr = "new value"<\/p>\n
                    print(obj.new_attr)  # \u8f93\u51fa: new value<\/p>\n
                    del obj.new_attr<\/p>\n
                    print(obj.new_attr)  # \u8f93\u51fa: None<\/p>\n
                    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                    2\u3001\u4e34\u65f6\u7981\u7528\u5c5e\u6027<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
                    \u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4e34\u65f6\u7981\u7528\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5b8c\u5168\u5220\u9664\u5b83\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 setattr<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a None<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    class TempDisable:<\/p>\n
                        def __init__(self):<\/p>\n
                            self.feature = "enabled"<\/p>\n
                        def disable_feature(self):<\/p>\n
                            setattr(self, 'feature', None)<\/p>\n
                        def enable_feature(self):<\/p>\n
                            setattr(self, 'feature', "enabled")<\/p>\n
                    obj = TempDisable()<\/p>\n
                    print(obj.feature)  # \u8f93\u51fa: enabled<\/p>\n
                    obj.disable_feature()<\/p>\n
                    print(obj.feature)  # \u8f93\u51fa: None<\/p>\n
                    obj.enable_feature()<\/p>\n
                    print(obj.feature)  # \u8f93\u51fa: enabled<\/p>\n
                    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                    3\u3001\u6e05\u7406\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
                    \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6e05\u7406\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u67d0\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\u6216\u91cd\u7f6e\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u904d\u5386 __dict__<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    class Cleanup:<\/p>\n
                        def __init__(self):<\/p>\n
                            self.a = 1<\/p>\n
                            self.b = 2<\/p>\n
                            self.c = 3<\/p>\n
                        def cleanup(self):<\/p>\n
                            for key in list(self.__dict__.keys()):<\/p>\n
                                del self.__dict__[key]<\/p>\n
                    obj = Cleanup()<\/p>\n
                    print(obj.__dict__)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}<\/p>\n
                    obj.cleanup()<\/p>\n
                    print(obj.__dict__)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {}<\/p>\n
                    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                    \u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
                    \u5728Python\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec del<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5\u3001setattr<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a None<\/code>\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c __dict__<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u548c\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    \u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0cdel<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5\u6700\u4e3a\u5e38\u7528\u4e14\u76f4\u89c2\uff0csetattr<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u7559\u5c5e\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c __dict__<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/strong>\u4e86\u89e3\u5e76\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u64cd\u4f5cPython\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                     \u5982\u4f55\u5728 Python \u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1f<\/strong>
                    \u5728 Python \u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 del<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6765\u5220\u9664\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u5220\u9664\u5176\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 del instance.attribute_name<\/code> \u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8be5\u5c5e\u6027\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
                    \u5728\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5220\u9664\u67d0\u4e2a\u952e\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\uff1f<\/strong>
                    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 pop()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u6216 del<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u5220\u9664\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u952e\u53ca\u5176\u503c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 my_dict.pop('key_name')<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\u952e\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\uff1b\u800c\u4f7f\u7528 del my_dict['key_name']<\/code> \u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u952e\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de\u4efb\u4f55\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
                    \u5220\u9664\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff1f<\/strong>
                    \u5728 Python \u7684\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 remove()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u6216 del<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5\u5220\u9664\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a0\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7d22\u5f151\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5c06\u4f1a\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u7d22\u5f150\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5217\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u51fa\u73b0\u610f\u5916\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python \u5220\u9664\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u503c\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 del \u8bed\u53e5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 setattr \u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a None\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 __ […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1080389,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1080384"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1080384"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1080384\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1080390,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1080384\/revisions\/1080390"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1080389"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1080384"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1080384"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1080384"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}