{"id":1082664,"date":"2025-01-08T12:50:58","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T04:50:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1082664.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T12:51:00","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T04:51:00","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%b7%a8%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%e8%b0%83%e7%94%a8%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0%e8%b0%83%e7%94%a8%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1082664.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\"<\/p>\n

Python\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528C\/C++\u6269\u5c55\u3001\u901a\u8fc7FFI\uff08\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u53e3\uff09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528RPC\uff08\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528\uff09\u6280\u672f\u3001\u501f\u52a9\u5916\u90e8\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982SWIG\uff09\u3002<\/strong>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c06\u5bf9\u4f7f\u7528C\/C++\u6269\u5c55\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4f7f\u7528C\/C++\u6269\u5c55\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aC\/C++\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u673a\u5668\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u5e95\u5c42\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528C\/C++\u6269\u5c55<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528C\/C++\u6269\u5c55\u662fPython\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u8c03\u7528\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u5229\u7528C\/C++\u4e2d\u7684\u73b0\u6709\u5e93\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.1\u3001\u7f16\u5199C\/C++\u4ee3\u7801<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2aC\u6216C++\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aexample.c<\/code>\u7684C\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

#include <stdio.h><\/p>\n
int add(int a, int b) {<\/p>\n
    return a + b;<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
1.2\u3001\u521b\u5efaPython\u6269\u5c55<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684distutils<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aPython\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3asetup.py<\/code>\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from distutils.core import setup, Extension<\/p>\n
module = Extension('example', sources=['example.c'])<\/p>\n
setup(name='ExampleModule',<\/p>\n
      version='1.0',<\/p>\n
      description='This is a demo package',<\/p>\n
      ext_modules=[module])<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
1.3\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u548c\u5b89\u88c5\u6269\u5c55<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u7f16\u8bd1\u548c\u5b89\u88c5\u6269\u5c55\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python setup.py build<\/p>\n
python setup.py install<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
1.4\u3001\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import example<\/p>\n
result = example.add(3, 4)<\/p>\n
print(result)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a7<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u901a\u8fc7FFI\uff08\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u53e3\uff09<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
FFI\uff08Foreign Function Interface\uff09\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8Python\u4ee3\u7801\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u5982C\u3001C++\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u7f16\u5199\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528ctypes\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u7684ctypes<\/code>\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.1.1\u3001\u7f16\u5199C\u4ee3\u7801<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aexample.c<\/code>\u7684C\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
#include <stdio.h><\/p>\n
int multiply(int a, int b) {<\/p>\n
    return a * b;<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2.1.2\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1C\u4ee3\u7801<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u7f16\u8bd1C\u4ee3\u7801\u751f\u6210\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\uff08Linux\/MacOS\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
gcc -shared -o libexample.so -fPIC example.c<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Windows\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
gcc -shared -o example.dll example.c<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2.1.3\u3001\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528ctypes<\/code>\u5e93\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import ctypes<\/p>\n
\u52a0\u8f7d\u5171\u4eab\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
example = ctypes.CDLL('.\/libexample.so')<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
example.multiply.restype = ctypes.c_int<\/p>\n
\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
result = example.multiply(3, 4)<\/p>\n
print(result)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a12<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2.2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528cffi\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
cffi<\/code>\u5e93\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684FFI\u5e93\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u548c\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.2.1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5cffi\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5cffi<\/code>\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install cffi<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2.2.2\u3001\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528cffi<\/code>\u5e93\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from cffi import FFI<\/p>\n
ffi = FFI()<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49C\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u53e3<\/strong><\/h2>\n
ffi.cdef("""<\/p>\n
    int multiply(int a, int b);<\/p>\n
""")<\/p>\n
\u52a0\u8f7d\u5171\u4eab\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
example = ffi.dlopen('.\/libexample.so')<\/p>\n
\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
result = example.multiply(3, 4)<\/p>\n
print(result)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a12<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528RPC\uff08\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528\uff09\u6280\u672f<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
RPC\uff08Remote Procedure Call\uff09\u6280\u672f\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528gRPC<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
gRPC\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u901a\u7528\u7684RPC\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528gRPC\u8fdb\u884c\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.1.1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5gRPC<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5gRPC\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install grpcio<\/p>\n
pip install grpcio-tools<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3.1.2\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49.proto\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aexample.proto<\/code>\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
syntax = "proto3";<\/p>\n
service Example {<\/p>\n
    rpc Add (AddRequest) returns (AddResponse) {}<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
message AddRequest {<\/p>\n
    int32 a = 1;<\/p>\n
    int32 b = 2;<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
message AddResponse {<\/p>\n
    int32 result = 1;<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3.1.3\u3001\u751f\u6210gRPC\u4ee3\u7801<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210gRPC\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python -m grpc_tools.protoc -I. --python_out=. --grpc_python_out=. example.proto<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3.1.4\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0gRPC\u670d\u52a1<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aexample_server.py<\/code>\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from concurrent import futures<\/p>\n
import grpc<\/p>\n
import example_pb2<\/p>\n
import example_pb2_grpc<\/p>\n
class ExampleServicer(example_pb2_grpc.ExampleServicer):<\/p>\n
    def Add(self, request, context):<\/p>\n
        result = request.a + request.b<\/p>\n
        return example_pb2.AddResponse(result=result)<\/p>\n
def serve():<\/p>\n
    server = grpc.server(futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=10))<\/p>\n
    example_pb2_grpc.add_ExampleServicer_to_server(ExampleServicer(), server)<\/p>\n
    server.add_insecure_port('[::]:50051')<\/p>\n
    server.start()<\/p>\n
    server.wAI<\/a>t_for_termination()<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
    serve()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3.1.5\u3001\u8c03\u7528gRPC\u670d\u52a1<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aexample_client.py<\/code>\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import grpc<\/p>\n
import example_pb2<\/p>\n
import example_pb2_grpc<\/p>\n
def run():<\/p>\n
    with grpc.insecure_channel('localhost:50051') as channel:<\/p>\n
        stub = example_pb2_grpc.ExampleStub(channel)<\/p>\n
        response = stub.Add(example_pb2.AddRequest(a=3, b=4))<\/p>\n
    print(response.result)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a7<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
    run()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u501f\u52a9\u5916\u90e8\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982SWIG\uff09<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
SWIG\uff08Simplified Wrapper and Interface Generator\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u8fde\u63a5C\/C++\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u5982Python\uff09\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4.1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5SWIG<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5SWIG\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install swig<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4.2\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u63a5\u53e3\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aexample.i<\/code>\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
%module example<\/p>\n
%{<\/p>\n
#include "example.h"<\/p>\n
%}<\/p>\n
extern int add(int a, int b);<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4.3\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u751f\u6210\u6269\u5c55<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u7f16\u8bd1\u751f\u6210Python\u6269\u5c55\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
swig -python -c++ example.i<\/p>\n
gcc -shared -o _example.so example_wrap.c example.c -I\/usr\/include\/python3.8<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4.4\u3001\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import example<\/p>\n
result = example.add(3, 4)<\/p>\n
print(result)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a7<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528C\/C++\u6269\u5c55\u3001\u901a\u8fc7FFI\uff08\u5982ctypes<\/code>\u3001cffi<\/code>\uff09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528RPC\uff08\u5982gRPC\uff09\u6280\u672f\u3001\u501f\u52a9\u5916\u90e8\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982SWIG\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5404\u6709\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff1f<\/strong>
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