{"id":1084857,"date":"2025-01-08T13:10:58","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T05:10:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1084857.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T13:11:01","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T05:11:01","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%be%93%e5%85%a5%e5%a4%9a%e4%b8%aa%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1084857.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u8f93\u5165\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u8f93\u5165\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\"<\/p>\n

Python\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u3001PyODBC\u3001Pandas\u7b49\u5e93\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy<\/strong><\/p>\n

SQLAlchemy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aPython SQL\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\u5668\uff08ORM\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684SQL\u8868\u8fbe\u8bed\u8a00\u548cORM\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5SQLAlchemy\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install sqlalchemy<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce<\/strong><\/h2>\n
engine1 = create_engine('mysql+pymysql:\/\/username:password@host1\/dbname1')<\/p>\n
engine2 = create_engine('postgresql+psycopg2:\/\/username:password@host2\/dbname2')<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong><\/h2>\n
with engine1.connect() as conn1:<\/p>\n
    result1 = conn1.execute("SELECT * FROM table1")<\/p>\n
    for row in result1:<\/p>\n
        print(row)<\/p>\n
with engine2.connect() as conn2:<\/p>\n
    result2 = conn2.execute("SELECT * FROM table2")<\/p>\n
    for row in result2:<\/p>\n
        print(row)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528PyODBC<\/strong><\/p>\n
PyODBC\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90Python\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7ODBC API\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5PyODBC\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install pyodbc<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528PyODBC\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pyodbc<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn1 = pyodbc.connect('DRIVER={ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server};SERVER=server1;DATABASE=dbname1;UID=username;PWD=password')<\/p>\n
conn2 = pyodbc.connect('DRIVER={ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server};SERVER=server2;DATABASE=dbname2;UID=username;PWD=password')<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor1 = conn1.cursor()<\/p>\n
cursor1.execute("SELECT * FROM table1")<\/p>\n
for row in cursor1:<\/p>\n
    print(row)<\/p>\n
cursor2 = conn2.cursor()<\/p>\n
cursor2.execute("SELECT * FROM table2")<\/p>\n
for row in cursor2:<\/p>\n
    print(row)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u4f7f\u7528Pandas<\/strong><\/p>\n
Pandas\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u4eceSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230DataFrame\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Pandas\u548cSQLAlchemy\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install pandas sqlalchemy<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u4ece\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce<\/strong><\/h2>\n
engine1 = create_engine('mysql+pymysql:\/\/username:password@host1\/dbname1')<\/p>\n
engine2 = create_engine('postgresql+psycopg2:\/\/username:password@host2\/dbname2')<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5230DataFrame<\/strong><\/h2>\n
df1 = pd.read_sql('SELECT * FROM table1', engine1)<\/p>\n
df2 = pd.read_sql('SELECT * FROM table2', engine2)<\/p>\n
\u663e\u793a\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(df1)<\/p>\n
print(df2)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4. \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u5f02\u6b65IO<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u5f02\u6b65IO\u8fdb\u884c\u5e76\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import threading<\/p>\n
import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine<\/p>\n
def query_db(engine, query, result_list, index):<\/p>\n
    result_list[index] = pd.read_sql(query, engine)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce<\/strong><\/h2>\n
engine1 = create_engine('mysql+pymysql:\/\/username:password@host1\/dbname1')<\/p>\n
engine2 = create_engine('postgresql+psycopg2:\/\/username:password@host2\/dbname2')<\/p>\n
queries = ["SELECT * FROM table1", "SELECT * FROM table2"]<\/p>\n
engines = [engine1, engine2]<\/p>\n
results = [None, None]<\/p>\n
threads = []<\/p>\n
for i in range(2):<\/p>\n
    thread = threading.Thread(target=query_db, args=(engines[i], queries[i], results, i))<\/p>\n
    threads.append(thread)<\/p>\n
    thread.start()<\/p>\n
for thread in threads:<\/p>\n
    thread.join()<\/p>\n
\u663e\u793a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(results[0])<\/p>\n
print(results[1])<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5. \u4f7f\u7528ORM\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Django ORM\u6216SQLAlchemy\u7684ORM\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Django ORM\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# settings.py<\/p>\n
DATABASES = {<\/p>\n
    'default': {<\/p>\n
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',<\/p>\n
        'NAME': 'dbname1',<\/p>\n
        'USER': 'username',<\/p>\n
        'PASSWORD': 'password',<\/p>\n
        'HOST': 'host1',<\/p>\n
        'PORT': '3306',<\/p>\n
    },<\/p>\n
    'db2': {<\/p>\n
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',<\/p>\n
        'NAME': 'dbname2',<\/p>\n
        'USER': 'username',<\/p>\n
        'PASSWORD': 'password',<\/p>\n
        'HOST': 'host2',<\/p>\n
        'PORT': '5432',<\/p>\n
    }<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
\u4f60\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
from django.db import models<\/p>\n
class Table1(models.Model):<\/p>\n
    column1 = models.CharField(max_length=100)<\/p>\n
    column2 = models.IntegerField()<\/p>\n
    class Meta:<\/p>\n
        db_table = 'table1'<\/p>\n
        managed = False<\/p>\n
class Table2(models.Model):<\/p>\n
    column1 = models.CharField(max_length=100)<\/p>\n
    column2 = models.IntegerField()<\/p>\n
    class Meta:<\/p>\n
        db_table = 'table2'<\/p>\n
        managed = False<\/p>\n
        app_label = 'db2'<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
from django.db import connections<\/p>\n
with connections['default'].cursor() as cursor:<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM table1")<\/p>\n
    rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
    for row in rows:<\/p>\n
        print(row)<\/p>\n
with connections['db2'].cursor() as cursor:<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM table2")<\/p>\n
    rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
    for row in rows:<\/p>\n
        print(row)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/p>\n
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5305\u62ecSQLAlchemy\u3001PyODBC\u3001Pandas\u3001\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\/\u5f02\u6b65IO\u548cORM\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f60\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u504f\u597d\u3002SQLAlchemy<\/strong>\u548cPandas<\/strong>\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\uff0cPyODBC<\/strong>\u9002\u5408\u4e0eODBC\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u5f02\u6b65IO\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u800cORM<\/strong>\u5219\u9002\u5408\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8fde\u63a5\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8fde\u63a5\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u5982sqlite3<\/code>\u3001MySQL Connector<\/code>\u3001psycopg2<\/code>\uff08\u7528\u4e8ePostgreSQL\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
import sqlite3\n\n# \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\nconn1 = sqlite3.connect('database1.db')\n\n# \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\nconn2 = sqlite3.connect('database2.db')\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u540c\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4ece\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff1f<\/strong>
\u8bfb\u53d6\u6765\u81ea\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5206\u522b\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528cursor<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
cursor1 = conn1.cursor()\ncursor1.execute("SELECT * FROM table_name")\ndata1 = cursor1.fetchall()\n\ncursor2 = conn2.cursor()\ncursor2.execute("SELECT * FROM another_table")\ndata2 = cursor2.fetchall()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u60a8\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u522b\u83b7\u53d6\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Python\u64cd\u4f5c\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u4e8b\u52a1\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e2d\u5355\u72ec\u7ba1\u7406\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528commit()<\/code>\u548crollback()<\/code>\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u524d\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
try:\n    # \u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\n    cursor1.execute("INSERT INTO table_name (column1) VALUES (value1)")\n    \n    # \u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\n    cursor2.execute("INSERT INTO another_table (column2) VALUES (value2)")\n    \n    # \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\n    conn1.commit()\n    conn2.commit()\nexcept Exception as e:\n    conn1.rollback()\n    conn2.rollback()\n    print(f"Error occurred: {e}")\nfinally:\n    cursor1.close()\n    cursor2.close()\n    conn1.close()\n    conn2.close()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4e0e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u3001PyODBC\u3001Pandas\u7b49\u5e93 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1084869,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1084857"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1084857"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1084857\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1084872,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1084857\/revisions\/1084872"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1084869"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1084857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1084857"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1084857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}