{"id":1087748,"date":"2025-01-08T13:38:00","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T05:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1087748.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T13:38:03","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T05:38:03","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e4%bb%a3%e7%90%86%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1087748.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\"<\/p>\n

Python\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\uff1arequests\u5e93\u3001urllib\u5e93\u3001Selenium\u5e93\u3002<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\uff0crequests\u5e93<\/strong>\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

requests\u5e93\u662fPython\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\u7684HTTP\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5728requests\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0proxies<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import requests<\/p>\n
proxies = {<\/p>\n
    "http": "http:\/\/10.10.1.10:3128",<\/p>\n
    "https": "http:\/\/10.10.1.10:1080",<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
response = requests.get("http:\/\/example.com", proxies=proxies)<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7406\u5b57\u5178proxies<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9requests.get<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528urllib\u5e93\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136requests\u5e93\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684urllib\u3002\u4f7f\u7528urllib\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7406\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u4f7f\u7528ProxyHandler<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import urllib.request<\/p>\n
proxy_handler = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({<\/p>\n
    'http': 'http:\/\/10.10.1.10:3128',<\/p>\n
    'https': 'http:\/\/10.10.1.10:1080',<\/p>\n
})<\/p>\n
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_handler)<\/p>\n
response = opener.open('http:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
print(response.read())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aProxyHandler<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528urllib.request.build_opener<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u6709\u4ee3\u7406\u7684opener\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2aopener\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u5e93\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Selenium\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a71\u52a8\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
from selenium.webdriver.common.proxy import Proxy, ProxyType<\/p>\n
proxy = Proxy()<\/p>\n
proxy.proxy_type = ProxyType.MANUAL<\/p>\n
proxy.http_proxy = '10.10.1.10:3128'<\/p>\n
proxy.ssl_proxy = '10.10.1.10:1080'<\/p>\n
capabilities = webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.CHROME<\/p>\n
proxy.add_to_capabilities(capabilities)<\/p>\n
driver = webdriver.Chrome(desired_capabilities=capabilities)<\/p>\n
driver.get('http:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
print(driver.page_source)<\/p>\n
driver.quit()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aProxy<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u4ee3\u7406\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u4ee3\u7406\u5730\u5740\u3002\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7406\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230Chrome\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684capabilities\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u542f\u52a8Chrome\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4ee3\u7406\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc1\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u3002requests\u5e93\u652f\u6301\u4ee3\u7406\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5728\u4ee3\u7406URL\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
proxies = {<\/p>\n
    "http": "http:\/\/user:password@10.10.1.10:3128",<\/p>\n
    "https": "http:\/\/user:password@10.10.1.10:1080",<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
response = requests.get("http:\/\/example.com", proxies=proxies)<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8eurllib\u5e93\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528ProxyBasicAuthHandler<\/code>\u6765\u5904\u7406\u4ee3\u7406\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import urllib.request<\/p>\n
proxy_handler = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({<\/p>\n
    'http': 'http:\/\/10.10.1.10:3128',<\/p>\n
    'https': 'http:\/\/10.10.1.10:1080',<\/p>\n
})<\/p>\n
auth_handler = urllib.request.ProxyBasicAuthHandler()<\/p>\n
auth_handler.add_password(None, '10.10.1.10:3128', 'user', 'password')<\/p>\n
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_handler, auth_handler)<\/p>\n
response = opener.open('http:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
print(response.read())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u522b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7406\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6240\u6709\u901a\u8fc7requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import os<\/p>\n
os.environ['HTTP_PROXY'] = 'http:\/\/10.10.1.10:3128'<\/p>\n
os.environ['HTTPS_PROXY'] = 'http:\/\/10.10.1.10:1080'<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
response = requests.get("http:\/\/example.com")<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u4ee3\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u52a8\u6001\u5207\u6362\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u5207\u6362\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a8\u6001\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7406\u6c60\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
import random<\/p>\n
proxies_pool = [<\/p>\n
    "http:\/\/10.10.1.10:3128",<\/p>\n
    "http:\/\/10.10.1.11:3128",<\/p>\n
    "http:\/\/10.10.1.12:3128",<\/p>\n
]<\/p>\n
proxy = random.choice(proxies_pool)<\/p>\n
proxies = {<\/p>\n
    "http": proxy,<\/p>\n
    "https": proxy,<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
response = requests.get("http:\/\/example.com", proxies=proxies)<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7406\u6c60proxies_pool<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982ProxyMesh\u3001ScraperAPI\u7b49\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7406\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9bREST API\u6216SDK\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u96c6\u6210\u5230Python\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
proxies = {<\/p>\n
    "http": "http:\/\/username:password@proxy-service.com:3128",<\/p>\n
    "https": "http:\/\/username:password@proxy-service.com:1080",<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
response = requests.get("http:\/\/example.com", proxies=proxies)<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5728\u4ee3\u7406URL\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \u4ee3\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25<\/strong>\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u7ebf\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u8ba4\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25<\/strong>\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u652f\u6301\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u65f6<\/strong>\uff1a\u589e\u52a0\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u6362\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n
  4. \u4ee3\u7406\u4e0d\u652f\u6301HTTPS<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u652f\u6301HTTPS\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662frequests\u5e93\u3001urllib\u5e93\u8fd8\u662fSelenium\u5e93\uff0c\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
     \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u8981\u5728Python\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0proxies<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u8bbe\u7f6eHTTP\u6216HTTPS\u4ee3\u7406\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
    import requests\n\nproxies = {\n    'http': 'http:\/\/your_proxy:port',\n    'https': 'https:\/\/your_proxy:port',\n}\n\nresponse = requests.get('http:\/\/example.com', proxies=proxies)\nprint(response.content)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u786e\u4fdd\u5c06your_proxy<\/code>\u548cport<\/code>\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5417\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u662f\u7684\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5e26\u5bbd\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79bb\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8f83\u8fdc\u6216\u8005\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d8\u6162\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9760\u4e14\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u5feb\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bf7\u6c42\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u9700\u8981\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ee3\u7406URL\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
    proxies = {\n    'http': 'http:\/\/username:password@your_proxy:port',\n    'https': 'https:\/\/username:password@your_proxy:port',\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
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