{"id":1089570,"date":"2025-01-08T13:54:40","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T05:54:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1089570.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T13:54:43","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T05:54:43","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%8a%8a%e5%ad%90%e7%b1%bb%e4%b8%ad%e8%b0%83%e7%94%a8%e7%88%b6%e7%b1%bb-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1089570.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\"<\/p>\n

Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b50\u7c7b\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7super()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u7c7b\u540d\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u591a\u6001\u3002<\/strong>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528super()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u53ef\u9760\u548c\u7b80\u6d01\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528super()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

super()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u662fPython\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u5355\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u3002super()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.1 \u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()<\/code>\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

class Parent:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name):<\/p>\n
        self.name = name<\/p>\n
    def greet(self):<\/p>\n
        print(f"Hello, my name is {self.name}")<\/p>\n
class Child(Parent):<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, age):<\/p>\n
        super().__init__(name)  # \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n
        self.age = age<\/p>\n
    def greet(self):<\/p>\n
        super().greet()  # \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684greet\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n
        print(f"I am {self.age} years old")<\/p>\n
child = Child("Alice", 10)<\/p>\n
child.greet()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0csuper()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u9996\u5148\u8c03\u7528\u4e86\u7236\u7c7b\u7684__init__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316name<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728greet<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684greet<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1.2 \u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u7684super()<\/code><\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\uff0csuper()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u6790\u987a\u5e8f\uff08MRO\uff0cMethod Resolution Order\uff09\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class A:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self):<\/p>\n
        print("A's __init__")<\/p>\n
class B(A):<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self):<\/p>\n
        super().__init__()<\/p>\n
        print("B's __init__")<\/p>\n
class C(A):<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self):<\/p>\n
        super().__init__()<\/p>\n
        print("C's __init__")<\/p>\n
class D(B, C):<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self):<\/p>\n
        super().__init__()<\/p>\n
        print("D's __init__")<\/p>\n
d = D()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cD<\/code>\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86B<\/code>\u548cC<\/code>\u7c7b\uff0csuper()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u6309\u7167MRO\u987a\u5e8f\u4f9d\u6b21\u8c03\u7528A<\/code>\u3001B<\/code>\u3001C<\/code>\u7c7b\u7684__init__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u7c7b\u540d<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528super()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u7c7b\u540d\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5982super()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5355\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.1 \u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u7c7b\u540d\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Parent:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name):<\/p>\n
        self.name = name<\/p>\n
    def greet(self):<\/p>\n
        print(f"Hello, my name is {self.name}")<\/p>\n
class Child(Parent):<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, age):<\/p>\n
        Parent.__init__(self, name)  # \u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n
        self.age = age<\/p>\n
    def greet(self):<\/p>\n
        Parent.greet(self)  # \u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684greet\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n
        print(f"I am {self.age} years old")<\/p>\n
child = Child("Alice", 10)<\/p>\n
child.greet()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528Parent.__init__(self, name)<\/code>\u548cParent.greet(self)<\/code>\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u9700\u8981\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u591a\u4e2a\u7236\u7c7b\u65f6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.1 \u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u5404\u4e2a\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class A:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name):<\/p>\n
        self.name = name<\/p>\n
class B:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, age):<\/p>\n
        self.age = age<\/p>\n
class C(A, B):<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, age):<\/p>\n
        A.__init__(self, name)  # \u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528A\u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n
        B.__init__(self, age)   # \u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528B\u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n
    def display(self):<\/p>\n
        print(f"Name: {self.name}, Age: {self.age}")<\/p>\n
c = C("Alice", 10)<\/p>\n
c.display()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cC<\/code>\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86A<\/code>\u548cB<\/code>\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u4e86A<\/code>\u548cB<\/code>\u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b50\u7c7b\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u4e14\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528super()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u5355\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u90fd\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u7c7b\u540d\u6216\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \u4f7f\u7528super()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a\u63a8\u8350\u7528\u4e8e\u5355\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u7c7b\u540d<\/strong>\uff1a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5355\u7ee7\u627f\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u591a\u4e2a\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u590d\u7528\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
     \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528super()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7b80\u6d01\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a  <\/p>\n
    class Parent:\n    def greet(self):\n        return "Hello from Parent"\n\nclass Child(Parent):\n    def greet(self):\n        parent_greeting = super().greet()\n        return f"{parent_greeting} and Child"\n\nchild_instance = Child()\nprint(child_instance.greet())\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cChild<\/code>\u7c7b\u901a\u8fc7super().greet()<\/code>\u8c03\u7528\u4e86Parent<\/code>\u7c7b\u7684greet<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u91cd\u5199\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b50\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u5199\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u53ea\u9700\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u7236\u7c7b\u540c\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u91cd\u5199\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a  <\/p>\n
    class Parent:\n    def show(self):\n        return "Message from Parent"\n\nclass Child(Parent):\n    def show(self):\n        return "Message from Child"\n\nchild_instance = Child()\nprint(child_instance.show())\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cChild<\/code>\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684show<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199\u4e86Parent<\/code>\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u907f\u514d\u7236\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u8c03\u7528\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u591a\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7236\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a  <\/p>\n
    class Parent:\n    def display(self):\n        return "Display from Parent"\n\nclass Child(Parent):\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.called_parent = False\n\n    def display(self):\n        if not self.called_parent:\n            print(super().display())\n            self.called_parent = True\n        return "Display from Child"\n\nchild_instance = Child()\nprint(child_instance.display())\nprint(child_instance.display())  # \u53ea\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\u6b21\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u63a7\u5236\u7236\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7236\u7c7b\u7684display<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ea\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u4e00\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b50\u7c7b\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7super()\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u7c7b\u540d\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1089582,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1089570"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1089570"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1089570\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1089586,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1089570\/revisions\/1089586"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1089582"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1089570"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1089570"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1089570"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}