{"id":1090849,"date":"2025-01-08T14:06:08","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T06:06:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1090849.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T14:06:10","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T06:06:10","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%9f%a5%e7%9c%8b%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e7%9a%84%e5%ad%97%e6%ae%b5%e5%90%8d-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1090849.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/24203323\/e38d2b42-8373-4b91-bfdd-1ecf2b2ab6bc.webp\" alt=\"python\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> <strong>Python\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u5e93\u3001Numpy\u5e93\u3001SQLAlchemy\u5e93\u7b49\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u5e93\u7684columns\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Numpy\u5e93\u7684dtype.names\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u5e93\u7684inspect\u6a21\u5757\u7b49\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u5e93\u7684columns\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u5e93\u7684columns\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002Pandas\u5e93\u662fPython\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230Pandas\u7684DataFrame\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528columns\u5c5e\u6027\u83b7\u53d6\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import pandas as pd<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>data = pd.read_csv(&#39;data.csv&#39;)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u67e5\u770b\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>print(data.columns)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u5e93\u7684columns\u5c5e\u6027<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Pandas\u5e93\u662fPython\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230Pandas\u7684DataFrame\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528columns\u5c5e\u6027\u83b7\u53d6\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230Pandas\u7684DataFrame\u4e2d\u3002Pandas\u652f\u6301\u8bfb\u53d6\u591a\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5982CSV\u3001Excel\u3001SQL\u3001JSON\u7b49\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec<code>pd.read_csv()<\/code>\u3001<code>pd.read_excel()<\/code>\u3001<code>pd.read_sql()<\/code>\u3001<code>pd.read_json()<\/code>\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import pandas as pd<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>data_csv = pd.read_csv(&#39;data.csv&#39;)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u8bfb\u53d6Excel\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>data_excel = pd.read_excel(&#39;data.xlsx&#39;)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u8bfb\u53d6SQL\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>import sqlite3<\/p>\n<p>conn = sqlite3.connect(&#39;database.db&#39;)<\/p>\n<p>data_sql = pd.read_sql(&#39;SELECT * FROM table_name&#39;, conn)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u8bfb\u53d6JSON\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>data_json = pd.read_json(&#39;data.json&#39;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>2\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7DataFrame\u7684columns\u5c5e\u6027\u67e5\u770b\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u67e5\u770bCSV\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d<\/p>\n<p>print(data_csv.columns)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u67e5\u770bExcel\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>print(data_excel.columns)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u67e5\u770bSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>print(data_sql.columns)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u67e5\u770bJSON\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>print(data_json.columns)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Numpy\u5e93\u7684dtype.names\u5c5e\u6027<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Numpy\u5e93\u662fPython\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5e93\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e93\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eNumpy\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u3002Numpy\u4e2d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff08Structured Array\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u3002\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528dtype.names\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u7ec4<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Numpy\u7684<code>numpy.array()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u5b9adtype\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import numpy as np<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u521b\u5efa\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u7ec4<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>data = np.array([(1, &#39;Alice&#39;, 25), (2, &#39;Bob&#39;, 30)],<\/p>\n<p>                dtype=[(&#39;id&#39;, &#39;i4&#39;), (&#39;name&#39;, &#39;U10&#39;), (&#39;age&#39;, &#39;i4&#39;)])<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>2\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u521b\u5efa\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7dtype.names\u5c5e\u6027\u67e5\u770b\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u67e5\u770b\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d<\/p>\n<p>print(data.dtype.names)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u5e93\u7684inspect\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>SQLAlchemy\u662fPython\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff08ORM\uff09\u5e93\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u7684inspect\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528create_engine()\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5f15\u64ce\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">from sqlalchemy import create_engine<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5f15\u64ce<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>engine = create_engine(&#39;sqlite:\/\/\/database.db&#39;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>2\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528inspect\u6a21\u5757\u83b7\u53d6\u8868\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">from sqlalchemy import inspect<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u83b7\u53d6\u8868\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>inspector = inspect(engine)<\/p>\n<p>columns = inspector.get_columns(&#39;table_name&#39;)<\/p>\n<p>field_names = [column[&#39;name&#39;] for column in columns]<\/p>\n<p>print(field_names)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u56db\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u672c\u6587\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86Python\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u5e93\u7684columns\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Numpy\u5e93\u7684dtype.names\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u5e93\u7684inspect\u6a21\u5757\u7b49\u3002<strong>Pandas\u5e93\u7684columns\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u67e5\u770b\u591a\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u3002Numpy\u5e93\u7684dtype.names\u5c5e\u6027\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0cSQLAlchemy\u5e93\u7684inspect\u6a21\u5757\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> <strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u67e5\u770b\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u5e93\u6765\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u5e93\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<code>pd.read_csv()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528<code>DataFrame.columns<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u83b7\u53d6\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import pandas as pd\n\ndata = pd.read_csv(&#39;your_file.csv&#39;)\nprint(data.columns)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f7f\u7528Python\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7<code>inspect<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u67e5\u770b\u8868\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">from sqlalchemy import create_engine, inspect\n\nengine = create_engine(&#39;database_connection_string&#39;)\ninspector = inspect(engine)\ncolumns = inspector.get_columns(&#39;your_table_name&#39;)\nprint([column[&#39;name&#39;] for column in columns])\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u8868\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770bJSON\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u5904\u7406JSON\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5185\u7f6e\u7684<code>json<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u3002\u52a0\u8f7d\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b57\u5178\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import json\n\nwith open(&#39;your_file.json&#39;, &#39;r&#39;) as file:\n    data = json.load(file)\n    print(data.keys())\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u8f93\u51faJSON\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5feb\u901f\u4e86\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u5e93\u3001Numpy\u5e93\u3001SQLAlchemy\u5e93\u7b49\u3002\u5177 [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1090859,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1090849"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1090849"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1090849\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1090860,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1090849\/revisions\/1090860"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1090859"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1090849"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1090849"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1090849"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}