{"id":1092141,"date":"2025-01-08T14:18:24","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T06:18:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1092141.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T14:18:26","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T06:18:26","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8python%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e5%a4%b9-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1092141.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528python\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/24205317\/5b0277ab-9886-4f36-961d-8fed43eaa3f3.webp\" alt=\"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528python\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> <strong>\u4f7f\u7528Python\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\uff1aos\u6a21\u5757\u3001pathlib\u6a21\u5757\u3001shutil\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/strong> \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u3002os\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3amkdir\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1. \u4f7f\u7528os.mkdir()\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>os.mkdir()\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1FileExistsError\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a&quot;new_folder&quot;\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>os.mkdir(&quot;new_folder&quot;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5bfc\u5165\u4e86os\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528os.mkdir()\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u201cnew_folder\u201d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u6210\u529f\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1FileExistsError\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>2. \u4f7f\u7528os.makedirs()\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>os.makedirs()\u51fd\u6570\u4e0eos.mkdir()\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0cos.makedirs()\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u6240\u6709\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>os.makedirs(&quot;parent_folder\/child_folder\/grandchild_folder&quot;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528os.makedirs()\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0cos.makedirs()\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u6240\u6709\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pathlib\u6a21\u5757\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>pathlib\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython 3.4\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8def\u5f84\u3002pathlib\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aPath\u7684\u7c7b\uff0c\u8be5\u7c7b\u5177\u6709\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u7684mkdir()\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">from pathlib import Path<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a&quot;new_folder&quot;\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Path(&quot;new_folder&quot;).mkdir()<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4ecepathlib\u6a21\u5757\u5bfc\u5165Path\u7c7b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528Path(&quot;new_folder&quot;).mkdir()\u65b9\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u201cnew_folder\u201d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1. \u521b\u5efa\u591a\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e0eos.makedirs()\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0cpathlib\u7684mkdir()\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u3002\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u9012parents=True\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">from pathlib import Path<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Path(&quot;parent_folder\/child_folder\/grandchild_folder&quot;).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Path(&quot;parent_folder\/child_folder\/grandchild_folder&quot;).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)\u65b9\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\u3002parents=True\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u793a\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\uff0cexist_ok=True\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u793a\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1FileExistsError\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528shutil\u6a21\u5757\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u867d\u7136shutil\u6a21\u5757\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u590d\u5236\u548c\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import shutil<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a&quot;new_folder&quot;\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>shutil.os.mkdir(&quot;new_folder&quot;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5bfc\u5165\u4e86shutil\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528shutil.os.mkdir()\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u201cnew_folder\u201d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cshutil.os.mkdir()\u53ea\u662f\u8c03\u7528\u4e86os.mkdir()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u76ee\u5f55\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5f15\u53d1FileExistsError\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5904\u7406\u76ee\u5f55\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1. \u4f7f\u7528os.path.exists()<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>os.path.exists()\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u68c0\u67e5\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>if not os.path.exists(&quot;new_folder&quot;):<\/p>\n<p>    os.mkdir(&quot;new_folder&quot;)<\/p>\n<p>else:<\/p>\n<p>    print(&quot;\u76ee\u5f55\u5df2\u5b58\u5728&quot;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528os.path.exists()\u51fd\u6570\u68c0\u67e5\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528os.mkdir()\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8f93\u51fa\u201c\u76ee\u5f55\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>2. \u4f7f\u7528pathlib.Path.exists()<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>pathlib.Path.exists()\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">from pathlib import Path<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u68c0\u67e5\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>if not Path(&quot;new_folder&quot;).exists():<\/p>\n<p>    Path(&quot;new_folder&quot;).mkdir()<\/p>\n<p>else:<\/p>\n<p>    print(&quot;\u76ee\u5f55\u5df2\u5b58\u5728&quot;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528Path(&quot;new_folder&quot;).exists()\u65b9\u6cd5\u68c0\u67e5\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528Path(&quot;new_folder&quot;).mkdir()\u65b9\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8f93\u51fa\u201c\u76ee\u5f55\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u672c\u6587\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u3001pathlib\u6a21\u5757\u548cshutil\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u7684mkdir()\u548cmakedirs()\u51fd\u6570\uff0cpathlib\u6a21\u5757\u7684mkdir()\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u76ee\u5f55\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u60a8\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> <strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>os<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7684<code>makedirs()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u7ea7\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528<code>os.makedirs(&#39;parent_folder\/child_folder&#39;)<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u521b\u5efa<code>parent_folder<\/code>\u53ca\u5176\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<code>child_folder<\/code>\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e4b\u524d\u68c0\u67e5\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f7f\u7528Python\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u65f6\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u8def\u5f84\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528<code>try-except<\/code>\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u96c5\u5730\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7<code>FileExistsError<\/code>\u548c<code>PermissionError<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u8f93\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u8005\u91c7\u53d6\u5176\u4ed6\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Python\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff1f<\/strong><br 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