{"id":1094982,"date":"2025-01-08T14:46:32","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T06:46:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1094982.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T14:46:35","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T06:46:35","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%89%93%e5%8d%b0%e9%94%99%e8%af%af%e4%bf%a1%e6%81%af-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1094982.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528try-except\u5757\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u4f7f\u7528traceback\u6a21\u5757\u83b7\u53d6\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7logging\u6a21\u5757\u8bb0\u5f55\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/strong> \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528try-except\u5757\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u4e14\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728try\u5757\u4e2d\u653e\u7f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u5728except\u5757\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001try-except\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

try-except\u5757\u662f\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728except\u5757\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528print()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

try:<\/p>\n
    result = 1 \/ 0<\/p>\n
except ZeroDivisionError as e:<\/p>\n
    print(f"Error occurred: {e}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6267\u884c1\u9664\u4ee50\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1ZeroDivisionError\u5f02\u5e38\uff0cexcept\u5757\u6355\u83b7\u8be5\u5f02\u5e38\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u6355\u83b7\u6240\u6709\u5f02\u5e38<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u60f3\u6355\u83b7\u6240\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u7528\u7684Exception\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    result = 1 \/ 0<\/p>\n
except Exception as e:<\/p>\n
    print(f"An error occurred: {e}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6bd4\u8f83\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u8c28\u614e\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5ffd\u7565\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001traceback\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u83b7\u53d6\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
traceback\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5806\u6808\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528traceback.format_exc()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5806\u6808\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import traceback<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    result = 1 \/ 0<\/p>\n
except ZeroDivisionError:<\/p>\n
    print("An error occurred:")<\/p>\n
    print(traceback.format_exc())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0ctraceback.format_exc()\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5806\u6808\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528traceback.print_exc()\u51fd\u6570\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5806\u6808\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import traceback<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    result = 1 \/ 0<\/p>\n
except ZeroDivisionError:<\/p>\n
    print("An error occurred:")<\/p>\n
    traceback.print_exc()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001logging\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u8bb0\u5f55\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
logging\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6bd4print()\u51fd\u6570\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import logging<\/p>\n
logging.basicConfig(filename='error.log', level=logging.ERROR)<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    result = 1 \/ 0<\/p>\n
except ZeroDivisionError as e:<\/p>\n
    logging.error("An error occurred", exc_info=True)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0clogging.error()\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u5c06\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u540d\u4e3aerror.log\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14exc_info=True\u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u5806\u6808\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u65e5\u5fd7\u683c\u5f0f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import logging<\/p>\n
logging.basicConfig(filename='error.log',<\/p>\n
                    level=logging.ERROR,<\/p>\n
                    format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    result = 1 \/ 0<\/p>\n
except ZeroDivisionError as e:<\/p>\n
    logging.error("An error occurred", exc_info=True)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u683c\u5f0f\u5305\u542b\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u7406\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528try-except\u5757\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u4f7f\u7528traceback\u6a21\u5757\u83b7\u53d6\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5806\u6808\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528logging\u6a21\u5757\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import logging<\/p>\n
import traceback<\/p>\n
logging.basicConfig(filename='error.log',<\/p>\n
                    level=logging.ERROR,<\/p>\n
                    format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    result = 1 \/ 0<\/p>\n
except ZeroDivisionError as e:<\/p>\n
    error_message = traceback.format_exc()<\/p>\n
    logging.error(f"An error occurred: {error_message}")<\/p>\n
    print(f"An error occurred: {e}")<\/p>\n
    print(error_message)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9996\u5148\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528traceback\u6a21\u5757\u83b7\u53d6\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5806\u6808\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5c06\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u6253\u5370\u5230\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u6355\u83b7\u7279\u5b9a\u5f02\u5e38<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u6355\u83b7\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u7528\u7684Exception\u7c7b\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u533a\u5206\u7f51\u7edc\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55\u6216\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u4fee\u590d\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u53ca\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55\u9519\u8bef<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u5ffd\u89c6\u4efb\u4f55\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5173\u952e\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5904\u7406\u548c\u6253\u5370Python\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5e94\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u5f02\u5e38\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528try<\/code>\u548cexcept<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u901a\u8fc7except<\/code>\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
try:\n    # \u53ef\u80fd\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\n    result = 10 \/ 0\nexcept ZeroDivisionError as e:\n    print(f"\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef: {e}")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u5c1d\u8bd5\u9664\u4ee5\u96f6\u65f6\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u6355\u83b7ZeroDivisionError<\/code>\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u53d6\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5806\u6808\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f<\/strong>
\u4f7f\u7528traceback<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u5806\u6808\u8ddf\u8e2a\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8c03\u8bd5\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
import traceback\n\ntry:\n    # \u53ef\u80fd\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\n    result = 10 \/ 0\nexcept Exception:\n    print("\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a")\n    traceback.print_exc()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5806\u6808\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f<\/strong>
\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u5177\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
class CustomError(Exception):\n    pass\n\ntry:\n    rAI<\/a>se CustomError("\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f")\nexcept CustomError as e:\n    print(f"\u6355\u83b7\u5230\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u9519\u8bef: {e}")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528try-except\u5757\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u4f7f\u7528traceback\u6a21\u5757\u83b7\u53d6 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1094993,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1094982"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1094982"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1094982\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1094996,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1094982\/revisions\/1094996"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1094993"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1094982"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1094982"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1094982"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}