{"id":1097313,"date":"2025-01-08T15:10:41","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T07:10:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1097313.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T15:10:43","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T07:10:43","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8python%e5%86%99%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aaapi-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1097313.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528python\u5199\u4e00\u4e2aapi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528python\u5199\u4e00\u4e2aapi\"<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2aAPI<\/strong>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7Flask\u3001FastAPI\u3001Django\u7b49\u6846\u67b6<\/strong>\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4f1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Flask\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684API\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u3001\u6570\u636e\u8fd4\u56de\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5Flask\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u57fa\u672c\u7684Flask\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49API\u8def\u7531\u3001\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u54cd\u5e94\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5<\/strong>\u7b49\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5b89\u88c5Flask<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Flask\u7f16\u5199API\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5Flask\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install Flask<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b89\u88c5\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python -c "import flask; print(flask.__version__)"<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u57fa\u672c\u7684Flask\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u5199\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2aFlask\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982app.py<\/code>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7f16\u5199\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from flask import Flask<\/p>\n
app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/')<\/p>\n
def hello_world():<\/p>\n
    return 'Hello, World!'<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__mAI<\/a>n__':<\/p>\n
    app.run(debug=True)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u884cpython app.py<\/code>\u6765\u542f\u52a8Flask\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95eehttp:\/\/127.0.0.1:5000\/<\/code>\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u770b\u5230"Hello, World!"\u7684\u5b57\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49API\u8def\u7531<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e3aAPI\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684API\u6765\u5904\u7406\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from flask import request, jsonify<\/p>\n
users = []<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/users', methods=['GET', 'POST'])<\/p>\n
def manage_users():<\/p>\n
    if request.method == 'GET':<\/p>\n
        return jsonify(users)<\/p>\n
    elif request.method == 'POST':<\/p>\n
        user = request.get_json()<\/p>\n
        users.append(user)<\/p>\n
        return jsonify(user), 201<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\/users<\/code>\u7684\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u5b83\u652f\u6301GET\u548cPOST\u4e24\u79cd\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800cPOST\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u54cd\u5e94<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7request<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7jsonify<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8fd4\u56de\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/users\/<int:user_id>', methods=['GET', 'PUT', 'DELETE'])<\/p>\n
def manage_user(user_id):<\/p>\n
    user = next((user for user in users if user['id'] == user_id), None)<\/p>\n
    if user is None:<\/p>\n
        return jsonify({'error': 'User not found'}), 404<\/p>\n
    if request.method == 'GET':<\/p>\n
        return jsonify(user)<\/p>\n
    elif request.method == 'PUT':<\/p>\n
        data = request.get_json()<\/p>\n
        user.update(data)<\/p>\n
        return jsonify(user)<\/p>\n
    elif request.method == 'DELETE':<\/p>\n
        users.remove(user)<\/p>\n
        return '', 204<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\/users\/<int:user_id><\/code>\u7684\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u5b83\u652f\u6301GET\u3001PUT\u548cDELETE\u4e09\u79cd\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0cPUT\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\uff0cDELETE\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7Flask\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
@app.errorhandler(404)<\/p>\n
def not_found(error):<\/p>\n
    return jsonify({'error': 'Not found'}), 404<\/p>\n
@app.errorhandler(500)<\/p>\n
def internal_error(error):<\/p>\n
    return jsonify({'error': 'Internal server error'}), 500<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5904\u7406404\u548c500\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5f53\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Flask-RESTful\u6269\u5c55<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u7f16\u5199RESTful API\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Flask-RESTful\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Flask-RESTful\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install Flask-RESTful<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Flask-RESTful\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49API\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from flask import Flask, request<\/p>\n
from flask_restful import Resource, Api<\/p>\n
app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
api = Api(app)<\/p>\n
users = []<\/p>\n
class UserList(Resource):<\/p>\n
    def get(self):<\/p>\n
        return users<\/p>\n
    def post(self):<\/p>\n
        user = request.get_json()<\/p>\n
        users.append(user)<\/p>\n
        return user, 201<\/p>\n
class User(Resource):<\/p>\n
    def get(self, user_id):<\/p>\n
        user = next((user for user in users if user['id'] == user_id), None)<\/p>\n
        if user is None:<\/p>\n
            return {'error': 'User not found'}, 404<\/p>\n
        return user<\/p>\n
    def put(self, user_id):<\/p>\n
        user = next((user for user in users if user['id'] == user_id), None)<\/p>\n
        if user is None:<\/p>\n
            return {'error': 'User not found'}, 404<\/p>\n
        data = request.get_json()<\/p>\n
        user.update(data)<\/p>\n
        return user<\/p>\n
    def delete(self, user_id):<\/p>\n
        global users<\/p>\n
        users = [user for user in users if user['id'] != user_id]<\/p>\n
        return '', 204<\/p>\n
api.add_resource(UserList, '\/users')<\/p>\n
api.add_resource(User, '\/users\/<int:user_id>')<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
    app.run(debug=True)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528Flask-RESTful\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90UserList<\/code>\u548cUser<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230API\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u7ec4\u7ec7API\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Swagger\u6587\u6863<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9API\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Swagger\u6587\u6863\u6765\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210API\u6587\u6863\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Flask-RESTPlus\u6269\u5c55\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Flask-RESTPlus\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install Flask-RESTPlus<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Flask-RESTPlus\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49API\u5e76\u751f\u6210Swagger\u6587\u6863\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from flask import Flask, request<\/p>\n
from flask_restplus import Api, Resource, fields<\/p>\n
app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
api = Api(app, version='1.0', title='User API', description='A simple User API')<\/p>\n
ns = api.namespace('users', description='User operations')<\/p>\n
user_model = api.model('User', {<\/p>\n
    'id': fields.Integer(readonly=True, description='The user unique identifier'),<\/p>\n
    'name': fields.String(required=True, description='The user name')<\/p>\n
})<\/p>\n
users = []<\/p>\n
@ns.route('\/')<\/p>\n
class UserList(Resource):<\/p>\n
    @ns.doc('list_users')<\/p>\n
    @ns.marshal_list_with(user_model)<\/p>\n
    def get(self):<\/p>\n
        return users<\/p>\n
    @ns.doc('create_user')<\/p>\n
    @ns.expect(user_model)<\/p>\n
    @ns.marshal_with(user_model, code=201)<\/p>\n
    def post(self):<\/p>\n
        user = api.payload<\/p>\n
        user['id'] = len(users) + 1<\/p>\n
        users.append(user)<\/p>\n
        return user, 201<\/p>\n
@ns.route('\/<int:id>')<\/p>\n
@ns.response(404, 'User not found')<\/p>\n
@ns.param('id', 'The user identifier')<\/p>\n
class User(Resource):<\/p>\n
    @ns.doc('get_user')<\/p>\n
    @ns.marshal_with(user_model)<\/p>\n
    def get(self, id):<\/p>\n
        user = next((user for user in users if user['id'] == id), None)<\/p>\n
        if user is None:<\/p>\n
            api.abort(404, "User {} doesn't exist".format(id))<\/p>\n
        return user<\/p>\n
    @ns.doc('delete_user')<\/p>\n
    @ns.response(204, 'User deleted')<\/p>\n
    def delete(self, id):<\/p>\n
        global users<\/p>\n
        users = [user for user in users if user['id'] != id]<\/p>\n
        return '', 204<\/p>\n
    @ns.expect(user_model)<\/p>\n
    @ns.marshal_with(user_model)<\/p>\n
    def put(self, id):<\/p>\n
        user = next((user for user in users if user['id'] == id), None)<\/p>\n
        if user is None:<\/p>\n
            api.abort(404, "User {} doesn't exist".format(id))<\/p>\n
        data = api.payload<\/p>\n
        user.update(data)<\/p>\n
        return user<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
    app.run(debug=True)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528Flask-RESTPlus\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86API\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86Swagger\u6587\u6863\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u542f\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728http:\/\/127.0.0.1:5000\/<\/code>\u8bbf\u95eeSwagger UI\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5API\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5API<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fddAPI\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u5199\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528unittest\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import unittest<\/p>\n
from app import app<\/p>\n
class UserApiTestCase(unittest.TestCase):<\/p>\n
    def setUp(self):<\/p>\n
        self.app = app.test_client()<\/p>\n
        self.app.testing = True<\/p>\n
    def test_get_users(self):<\/p>\n
        response = self.app.get('\/users')<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)<\/p>\n
    def test_create_user(self):<\/p>\n
        response = self.app.post('\/users', json={'name': 'John Doe'})<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 201)<\/p>\n
        self.assertIn('John Doe', response.get_data(as_text=True))<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
    unittest.main()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7f16\u5199\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868\u548c\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u7684API\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e5d\u3001\u90e8\u7f72Flask\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06Flask\u5e94\u7528\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u90e8\u7f72Flask\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528uWSGI\u548cNginx\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \u5b89\u88c5uWSGI\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    pip install uwsgi<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u521b\u5efauWSGI\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6uwsgi.ini<\/code>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      [uwsgi]<\/p>\n
      module = app:app<\/p>\n
      master = true<\/p>\n
      processes = 4<\/p>\n
      socket = 0.0.0.0:5000<\/p>\n
      vacuum = true<\/p>\n
      die-on-term = true<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u521b\u5efaNginx\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        server {<\/p>\n
            listen 80;<\/p>\n
            server_name your_domain;<\/p>\n
            location \/ {<\/p>\n
                include uwsgi_params;<\/p>\n
                uwsgi_pass 0.0.0.0:5000;<\/p>\n
            }<\/p>\n
        }<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \u542f\u52a8uWSGI\u548cNginx\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini<\/p>\n
          sudo service nginx start<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06Flask\u5e94\u7528\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7Nginx\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u5341\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
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