{"id":1100696,"date":"2025-01-08T15:42:25","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T07:42:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1100696.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T15:42:28","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T07:42:28","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%b0%86%e5%90%8d%e5%ad%97%e8%a1%a8%e7%a4%ba%e5%8f%98%e9%87%8f-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1100696.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u540d\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u53d8\u91cf"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u540d\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u53d8\u91cf\"<\/p>\n

Python\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u540d\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u3001\u4f7f\u7528setattr\u548cgetattr\u3001\u4f7f\u7528exec\u548ceval<\/strong>\u3002\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u6765\u52a8\u6001\u521b\u5efa\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u96be\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u3002\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u548c\u503c<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u548c\u6613\u8bfb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u548c\u503c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u4e14\u6613\u8bfb\u3002\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u952e\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u521b\u5efa\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

variables = {}<\/p>\n
variables['name1'] = 'value1'<\/p>\n
variables['name2'] = 'value2'<\/p>\n
print(variables['name1'])  # \u8f93\u51fa: value1<\/p>\n
print(variables['name2'])  # \u8f93\u51fa: value2<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3avariables<\/code>\u7684\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06name1<\/code>\u548cname2<\/code>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u952e\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u50a8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503cvalue1<\/code>\u548cvalue2<\/code>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u952e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u52a8\u6001\u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178\u9879<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
variable_names = ['var1', 'var2', 'var3']<\/p>\n
for name in variable_names:<\/p>\n
    variables[name] = f'value_of_{name}'<\/p>\n
print(variables)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u5b57\u5178\u9879\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u952e\u662fvariable_names<\/code>\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u503c\u662f\u6839\u636e\u952e\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u548c\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528setattr\u548cgetattr<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528setattr<\/code>\u548cgetattr<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u52a8\u6001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
class MyClass:<\/p>\n
    pass<\/p>\n
obj = MyClass()<\/p>\n
\u52a8\u6001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c5e\u6027<\/strong><\/h2>\n
setattr(obj, 'name1', 'value1')<\/p>\n
setattr(obj, 'name2', 'value2')<\/p>\n
\u52a8\u6001\u83b7\u53d6\u5c5e\u6027<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(getattr(obj, 'name1'))  # \u8f93\u51fa: value1<\/p>\n
print(getattr(obj, 'name2'))  # \u8f93\u51fa: value2<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7c7bMyClass<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528setattr<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61obj<\/code>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528getattr<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u6765\u52a8\u6001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u83b7\u53d6\u5c5e\u6027<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
attributes = {<\/p>\n
    'attr1': 'value1',<\/p>\n
    'attr2': 'value2'<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
obj = MyClass()<\/p>\n
for key, value in attributes.items():<\/p>\n
    setattr(obj, key, value)<\/p>\n
print(obj.attr1)  # \u8f93\u51fa: value1<\/p>\n
print(obj.attr2)  # \u8f93\u51fa: value2<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u5c5e\u6027\u540d\u548c\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5386\u5b57\u5178\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61obj<\/code>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528exec\u548ceval<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
exec<\/code>\u548ceval<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u867d\u7136\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u5165\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u4f7f\u7528exec\u52a8\u6001\u521b\u5efa\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
variable_name = 'dynamic_var'<\/p>\n
variable_value = 'dynamic_value'<\/p>\n
exec(f'{variable_name} = "{variable_value}"')<\/p>\n
print(dynamic_var)  # \u8f93\u51fa: dynamic_value<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528exec<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3adynamic_var<\/code>\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528eval\u52a8\u6001\u83b7\u53d6\u53d8\u91cf\u503c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
exec('dynamic_var = "dynamic_value"')<\/p>\n
variable_name = 'dynamic_var'<\/p>\n
variable_value = eval(variable_name)<\/p>\n
print(variable_value)  # \u8f93\u51fa: dynamic_value<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528eval<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u4e86\u53d8\u91cfdynamic_var<\/code>\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5c06\u540d\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u548c\u503c<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u4e14\u6613\u8bfb\u3002\u4f7f\u7528setattr<\/code>\u548cgetattr<\/code><\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002exec<\/code>\u548ceval<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u867d\u7136\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u5165\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u56f0\u96be<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u52a8\u6001\u521b\u5efa\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u6765\u52a8\u6001\u521b\u5efa\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u952e\uff0c\u503c\u5219\u4e3a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u80fd\u591f\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528my_variables = {}<\/code>\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7my_variables['variable_name'] = value<\/code>\u6765\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u53ea\u9700\u7528my_variables['variable_name']<\/code>\u5373\u53ef\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528locals()\u548cglobals()\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff1f<\/strong>
locals()<\/code>\u548cglobals()<\/code>\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3002locals()<\/code>\u8fd4\u56de\u5f53\u524d\u5c40\u90e8\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u5185\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800cglobals()<\/code>\u8fd4\u56de\u5168\u5c40\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u5185\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528locals()['variable_name']<\/code>\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u7528globals()['variable_name']<\/code>\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/strong>
\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u5dee\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5efa\u8bae\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u6216\u7c7b\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u540d\u79f0\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u96be\u4ee5\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd8\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u540d\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u3001\u4f7f\u7528setattr\u548cgetattr\u3001\u4f7f\u7528exec\u548ceval\u3002\u5728Pyt […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1100706,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1100696"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1100696"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1100696\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1100708,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1100696\/revisions\/1100708"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1100706"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1100696"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1100696"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1100696"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}