{"id":1102565,"date":"2025-01-08T16:01:21","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T08:01:21","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-01-08T16:01:25","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T08:01:25","slug":"python-%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e6%9f%a5%e8%af%a2%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%9c%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1102565.html","title":{"rendered":"python \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python<\/p>\n

Python\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528cursor.fetchall()\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528cursor.fetchone()\u9010\u6761\u83b7\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c\u3001\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u904d\u5386\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u3002<\/strong> \u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528cursor.fetchall()\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong>\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u3001\u83b7\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3001\u5904\u7406\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u6765\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5e93\u6765\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 sqlite3<\/code> \u8fde\u63a5SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import sqlite3<\/p>\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u5230SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
connection = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 execute()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u8be2\u6240\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n
cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM tablename')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u83b7\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \u4f7f\u7528cursor.fetchall()\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    cursor.fetchall()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bb0\u5f55\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    # \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n
    results = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
    \u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    for row in results:<\/p>\n
        print(row)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u4f7f\u7528cursor.fetchone()\u9010\u6761\u83b7\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      cursor.fetchone()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u9010\u6761\u83b7\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u8bb0\u5f55\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None<\/code>\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      # \u83b7\u53d6\u5355\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n
      row = cursor.fetchone()<\/p>\n
      while row:<\/p>\n
          print(row)<\/p>\n
          row = cursor.fetchone()<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u56db\u3001\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u904d\u5386\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
      \u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u904d\u5386\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u5904\u7406\u6bcf\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9 results<\/code> \u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06\u8bb0\u5f55\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        # \u5047\u8bbe\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868 'new_tablename'<\/p>\n
        for row in results:<\/p>\n
            cursor.execute('INSERT INTO new_tablename VALUES (?, ?, ?)', row)<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6210\u5668\u9010\u6761\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u975e\u5e38\u5927\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6210\u5668\u9010\u6761\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          def fetchone_generator(cursor):<\/p>\n
              while True:<\/p>\n
                  row = cursor.fetchone()<\/p>\n
                  if row is None:<\/p>\n
                      break<\/p>\n
                  yield row<\/p>\n
          \u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6210\u5668\u9010\u6761\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          for row in fetchone_generator(cursor):<\/p>\n
              print(row)<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \u4e94\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
          \u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u540e\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f97\u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4ee5\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          # \u5173\u95ed\u6e38\u6807\u548c\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
          cursor.close()<\/p>\n
          connection.close()<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8f7b\u677e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          import sqlite3<\/p>\n
          \u8fde\u63a5\u5230SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          connection = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
          \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
          \u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM tablename')<\/p>\n
          \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          results = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
          \u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          for row in results:<\/p>\n
              print(row)<\/p>\n
          \u5173\u95ed\u6e38\u6807\u548c\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          cursor.close()<\/p>\n
          connection.close()<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \u516d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u5904\u7406\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
          \u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 pandas<\/code> \u5e93\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aDataFrame\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
          \u8fde\u63a5\u5230SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          connection = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
          \u4f7f\u7528pandas\u8bfb\u53d6SQL\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          df = pd.read_sql_query('SELECT * FROM tablename', connection)<\/p>\n
          \u5904\u7406DataFrame\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7b5b\u9009\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          filtered_df = df[df['column_name'] > 10]<\/p>\n
          \u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          print(filtered_df)<\/p>\n
          \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          connection.close()<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \u4f7f\u7528 pandas<\/code> \u5904\u7406\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u4f5c\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u4fbf\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u4e03\u3001\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
          \u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e3b\u8981\u9488\u5bf9SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5982MySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u3001SQL Server\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5e93\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u5e93\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. MySQL<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \u4f7f\u7528 mysql-connector-python<\/code> \u5e93\u8fde\u63a5MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            import mysql.connector<\/p>\n
            \u8fde\u63a5\u5230MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            connection = mysql.connector.connect(<\/p>\n
                host='localhost',<\/p>\n
                user='username',<\/p>\n
                password='password',<\/p>\n
                database='database_name'<\/p>\n
            )<\/p>\n
            \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
            \u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM tablename')<\/p>\n
            \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            results = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
            \u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            for row in results:<\/p>\n
                print(row)<\/p>\n
            \u5173\u95ed\u6e38\u6807\u548c\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            cursor.close()<\/p>\n
            connection.close()<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            1. PostgreSQL<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \u4f7f\u7528 psycopg2<\/code> \u5e93\u8fde\u63a5PostgreSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              import psycopg2<\/p>\n
              \u8fde\u63a5\u5230PostgreSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
              connection = psycopg2.connect(<\/p>\n
                  host='localhost',<\/p>\n
                  user='username',<\/p>\n
                  password='password',<\/p>\n
                  dbname='database_name'<\/p>\n
              )<\/p>\n
              \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
              cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
              \u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
              cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM tablename')<\/p>\n
              \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
              results = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
              \u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
              for row in results:<\/p>\n
                  print(row)<\/p>\n
              \u5173\u95ed\u6e38\u6807\u548c\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
              cursor.close()<\/p>\n
              connection.close()<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                \n
              1. SQL Server<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \u4f7f\u7528 pyodbc<\/code> \u5e93\u8fde\u63a5SQL Server\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                import pyodbc<\/p>\n
                \u8fde\u63a5\u5230SQL Server\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                connection = pyodbc.connect(<\/p>\n
                    'DRIVER={SQL Server};'<\/p>\n
                    'SERVER=server_name;'<\/p>\n
                    'DATABASE=database_name;'<\/p>\n
                    'UID=username;'<\/p>\n
                    'PWD=password'<\/p>\n
                )<\/p>\n
                \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
                \u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM tablename')<\/p>\n
                \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                results = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
                \u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                for row in results:<\/p>\n
                    print(row)<\/p>\n
                \u5173\u95ed\u6e38\u6807\u548c\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                cursor.close()<\/p>\n
                connection.close()<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                \u516b\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
                \u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                import sqlite3<\/p>\n
                try:<\/p>\n
                    # \u8fde\u63a5\u5230SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n
                    connection = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
                    # \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n
                    cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
                    # \u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n
                    cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM tablename')<\/p>\n
                    # \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n
                    results = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
                    # \u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n
                    for row in results:<\/p>\n
                        print(row)<\/p>\n
                except sqlite3.Error as e:<\/p>\n
                    print(f"\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9519\u8bef: {e}")<\/p>\n
                except Exception as e:<\/p>\n
                    print(f"\u5176\u4ed6\u9519\u8bef: {e}")<\/p>\n
                finally:<\/p>\n
                    # \u5173\u95ed\u6e38\u6807\u548c\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
                    if cursor:<\/p>\n
                        cursor.close()<\/p>\n
                    if connection:<\/p>\n
                        connection.close()<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
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                \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                 \u5728Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\uff1f<\/strong>
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                \u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff1f<\/strong>
                \u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6e38\u6807\u7684fetchone()\u3001fetchall()\u6216fetchmany(size)\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u83b7\u53d6\u540e\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u4ee5\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u8bbf\u95ee\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5217\u503c\uff0c\u6216\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u5728Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff1f<\/strong>
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