{"id":1104904,"date":"2025-01-08T16:25:51","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T08:25:51","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-01-08T16:25:58","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T08:25:58","slug":"python%e4%b8%ad%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%af%bb%e5%8f%96txt%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1104904.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\"<\/p>\n

Python\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684open\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u4f7f\u7528with\u8bed\u53e5\u3001\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u8981\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5185\u7f6e\u7684open<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528read<\/code>\u3001readline<\/code>\u6216readlines<\/code>\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684open\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528with\u8bed\u53e5<\/strong>\uff0c\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6<\/strong>\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684open\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5185\u7f6e\u7684open<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

file = open('example.txt', 'r')<\/p>\n
content = file.read()<\/p>\n
print(content)<\/p>\n
file.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0copen<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4ee5\u53ea\u8bfb\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08'r'\uff09\u6253\u5f00\u540d\u4e3aexample.txt<\/code>\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0cread<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u53d8\u91cfcontent<\/code>\u4e2d\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528print<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8f93\u51fa\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u8c03\u7528close<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528with\u8bed\u53e5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
    content = file.read()<\/p>\n
    print(content)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684__enter__<\/code>\u548c__exit__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528file.close()<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u66f4\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528readline<\/code>\u6216readlines<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528readline\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
readline<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e00\u884c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
    line = file.readline()<\/p>\n
    while line:<\/p>\n
        print(line, end='')<\/p>\n
        line = file.readline()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528readlines\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
readlines<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e00\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
    lines = file.readlines()<\/p>\n
    for line in lines:<\/p>\n
        print(line, end='')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528open<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u6216\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u800c\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n
with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
    content = file.read()<\/p>\n
    print(content)<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/strong><\/h2>\n
with open('\/path\/to\/your\/example.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
    content = file.read()<\/p>\n
    print(content)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\u5916\uff0cPython\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728for\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
    for line in file:<\/p>\n
        print(line, end='')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528json\u6a21\u5757\u8bfb\u53d6JSON\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u662fJSON\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528json<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u89e3\u6790\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import json<\/p>\n
with open('example.json', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
    data = json.load(file)<\/p>\n
    print(data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u5904\u7406\u7f16\u7801\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u7f16\u7801\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f53\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u542b\u975eASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728open<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
with open('example.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:<\/p>\n
    content = file.read()<\/p>\n
    print(content)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u7b49\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528try<\/code>–except<\/code>\u5757\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
        content = file.read()<\/p>\n
        print(content)<\/p>\n
except FileNotFoundError:<\/p>\n
    print("\u6587\u4ef6\u672a\u627e\u5230")<\/p>\n
except PermissionError:<\/p>\n
    print("\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6")<\/p>\n
except Exception as e:<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef: {e}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u5927\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u548creadline<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
with open('large_file.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
    for line in file:<\/p>\n
        print(line, end='')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e5d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684open<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3001with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u548c\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684open\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528with\u8bed\u53e5<\/strong>\uff0c\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6<\/strong>\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u4e14\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u3001json<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u6307\u5b9a\u7f16\u7801\u4ee5\u53ca\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u578b\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5904\u7406txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408read()<\/code>, readline()<\/code>, \u6216 readlines()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528with open('file.txt', 'r') as file:<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u8bfb\u53d6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002read()<\/code>\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fd4\u56de\uff0creadline()<\/code>\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u800creadlines()<\/code>\u4f1a\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u884c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u8fd4\u56de\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u7f16\u7801\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5904\u7406txt\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u7f16\u7801\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9aencoding<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0copen('file.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8')<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5UTF-8\u7f16\u7801\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7801\uff08\u5982GBK\u6216ISO-8859-1\uff09\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u66f4\u6539\u7f16\u7801\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e71\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\uff1f<\/strong>
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