{"id":1104953,"date":"2025-01-08T16:26:22","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T08:26:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1104953.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T16:26:24","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T08:26:24","slug":"python%e6%8e%a5%e5%8f%a3%e8%87%aa%e5%8a%a8%e5%8c%96%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%81%9a%e6%96%ad%e8%a8%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1104953.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u63a5\u53e3\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u65ad\u8a00"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u63a5\u53e3\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u65ad\u8a00\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u63a5\u53e3\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u505a\u65ad\u8a00\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\u5982unittest\u6216pytest\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408requests\u5e93\u5bf9\u63a5\u53e3\u8fdb\u884c\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/strong>\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b49\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u63a5\u53e3\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u65ad\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u662fHTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u662f\u5426\u4e3a200\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import requests<\/p>\n
import unittest<\/p>\n
class TestAPI(unittest.TestCase):<\/p>\n
    def test_status_code(self):<\/p>\n
        url = 'http:\/\/example.com\/api'<\/p>\n
        response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200, "Status code is not 200")<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__mAI<\/a>n__':<\/p>\n
    unittest.main()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u63a5\u53e3\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6700\u5927\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class TestAPITime(unittest.TestCase):<\/p>\n
    def test_response_time(self):<\/p>\n
        url = 'http:\/\/example.com\/api'<\/p>\n
        response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
        self.assertLess(response.elapsed.total_seconds(), 2, "Response time is too long")<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
    unittest.main()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9a8c\u8bc1\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u63a5\u53e3\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u63a5\u53e3\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u54cd\u5e94\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u5b58\u5728<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
class TestAPIContent(unittest.TestCase):<\/p>\n
    def test_response_content(self):<\/p>\n
        url = 'http:\/\/example.com\/api'<\/p>\n
        response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
        data = response.json()<\/p>\n
        self.assertIn('key', data, "Key is not in response")<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
    unittest.main()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u54cd\u5e94\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
class TestAPIContentValue(unittest.TestCase):<\/p>\n
    def test_response_content_value(self):<\/p>\n
        url = 'http:\/\/example.com\/api'<\/p>\n
        response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
        data = response.json()<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(data.get('key'), 'expected_value', "Value is not as expected")<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
    unittest.main()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u7ec4\u5408\u65ad\u8a00<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u65ad\u8a00\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5168\u9762\u9a8c\u8bc1\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\u65ad\u8a00\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class TestAPI(unittest.TestCase):<\/p>\n
    def test_api(self):<\/p>\n
        url = 'http:\/\/example.com\/api'<\/p>\n
        response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
        # \u72b6\u6001\u7801\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200, "Status code is not 200")<\/p>\n
        # \u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/p>\n
        self.assertLess(response.elapsed.total_seconds(), 2, "Response time is too long")<\/p>\n
        # \u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/p>\n
        data = response.json()<\/p>\n
        self.assertIn('key', data, "Key is not in response")<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(data.get('key'), 'expected_value', "Value is not as expected")<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
    unittest.main()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u63a5\u53e3\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5982\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u65f6\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class TestAPIException(unittest.TestCase):<\/p>\n
    def test_api_exception(self):<\/p>\n
        url = 'http:\/\/example.com\/api'<\/p>\n
        try:<\/p>\n
            response = requests.get(url, timeout=5)<\/p>\n
            response.raise_for_status()  # \u5982\u679c\u54cd\u5e94\u7801\u4e0d\u662f200\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n
        except requests.exceptions.Timeout:<\/p>\n
            self.fail("Request timed out")<\/p>\n
        except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as e:<\/p>\n
            self.fail(f"HTTP error occurred: {e}")<\/p>\n
        except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:<\/p>\n
            self.fail(f"Request exception occurred: {e}")<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
    unittest.main()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001pytest\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86unittest\uff0cpytest\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528pytest\u8fdb\u884c\u63a5\u53e3\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65ad\u8a00\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
def test_status_code():<\/p>\n
    url = 'http:\/\/example.com\/api'<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
    assert response.status_code == 200, "Status code is not 200"<\/p>\n
def test_response_time():<\/p>\n
    url = 'http:\/\/example.com\/api'<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
    assert response.elapsed.total_seconds() < 2, "Response time is too long"<\/p>\n
def test_response_content():<\/p>\n
    url = 'http:\/\/example.com\/api'<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
    data = response.json()<\/p>\n
    assert 'key' in data, "Key is not in response"<\/p>\n
    assert data.get('key') == 'expected_value', "Value is not as expected"<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a5\u53e3\u6d4b\u8bd5\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u6d4b\u8bd5\u591a\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6548\u7387\u3002pytest\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86pytest.mark.parametrize<\/code>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pytest<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
@pytest.mark.parametrize("url, status_code", [<\/p>\n
    ('http:\/\/example.com\/api1', 200),<\/p>\n
    ('http:\/\/example.com\/api2', 200),<\/p>\n
    ('http:\/\/example.com\/api3', 404),<\/p>\n
])<\/p>\n
def test_status_code(url, status_code):<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
    assert response.status_code == status_code, f"Status code for {url} is not {status_code}"<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u7ed3\u679c\u62a5\u544a<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u62a5\u544a\u662f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u62a5\u544a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u3002pytest\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u63d2\u4ef6pytest-html\u7ed3\u5408\u751f\u6210HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u62a5\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install pytest-html<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
pytest --html=report.html<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e5d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u63a5\u53e3\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65ad\u8a00\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u63a5\u53e3\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong>\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5168\u9762\u9a8c\u8bc1\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5404\u9879\u6307\u6807\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u65ad\u8a00\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u548c\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5\u62a5\u544a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u80fd\u5bf9\u60a8\u5728\u8fdb\u884cPython\u63a5\u53e3\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65f6\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u63a5\u53e3\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u65ad\u8a00\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u63a5\u53e3\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u65ad\u8a00\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u63a5\u53e3\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528unittest<\/code>\u3001pytest<\/code>\u7b49\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u505a\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5982assertEqual<\/code>, assertIn<\/code>\u7b49\uff09\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u5b9a\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a<\/p>\n
import requests\nimport unittest\n\nclass TestAPI(unittest.TestCase):\n    def test_api_response(self):\n        response = requests.get('http:\/\/example.com\/api')\n        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)\n        self.assertIn('expected_key', response.json())\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u65ad\u8a00\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u8bd5\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5f53\u65ad\u8a00\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff0c\u8c03\u8bd5\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6253\u5370\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u627e\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u5728\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528print(response.text)<\/code>\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982PyCharm\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u529f\u80fd\uff09\u4e5f\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5e2e\u52a9\u5206\u6790\u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u63a5\u53e3\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1f<\/strong>
\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u65ad\u8a00\uff1b\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u7ed3\u5408\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6216JSON Schema\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u65ad\u8a00\u7684\u8986\u76d6\u9762\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u63a5\u53e3\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u505a\u65ad\u8a00\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\u5982unittest\u6216pytest\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408reque […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1104961,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1104953"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1104953"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1104953\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1104962,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1104953\/revisions\/1104962"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1104961"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1104953"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1104953"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1104953"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}