{"id":1109931,"date":"2025-01-08T17:14:57","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T09:14:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1109931.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T17:15:01","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T09:15:01","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%8e%b7%e5%8f%96sql%e7%9a%84%e6%89%a7%e8%a1%8c%e7%8a%b6%e6%80%81%e7%a0%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1109931.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u53d6sql\u7684\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u7801"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u53d6sql\u7684\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\"<\/p>\n

Python\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u5e93\u83b7\u53d6SQL\u6267\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528pyodbc<\/code>\u3001pymysql<\/code>\u3001psycopg2<\/code>\u7b49\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u68c0\u67e5\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6e38\u6807\uff08cursor\uff09\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u5e93\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6SQL\u6267\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u63a2\u8ba8\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pyodbc<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6SQL\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u7801
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pymysql<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6SQL\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u7801
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528psycopg2<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6SQL\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u7801
\u56db\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u89e3\u6790
\u4e94\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u6848\u4f8b\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pyodbc<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6SQL\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

pyodbc<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aPython\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u901a\u8fc7ODBC\u8fde\u63a5\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528pyodbc<\/code>\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38\u6765\u83b7\u53d6SQL\u6267\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.1 \u5b89\u88c5pyodbc<\/code><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5pyodbc<\/code>\u5e93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install pyodbc<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
1.2 \u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528pyodbc<\/code>\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pyodbc<\/p>\n
\u5efa\u7acb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
connection = pyodbc.connect('DRIVER={SQL Server};SERVER=server_name;DATABASE=db_name;UID=user;PWD=password')<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    # \u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM table_name")<\/p>\n
    rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
    # \u5904\u7406\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n
    for row in rows:<\/p>\n
        print(row)<\/p>\n
except pyodbc.Error as ex:<\/p>\n
    # \u83b7\u53d6\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n
    sqlstate = ex.args[0]<\/p>\n
    print(f"SQLSTATE: {sqlstate}")<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    # \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
    cursor.close()<\/p>\n
    connection.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53SQL\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u6355\u83b7pyodbc.Error<\/code>\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6SQL\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pymysql<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6SQL\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
pymysql<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eafPython\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38\u6765\u83b7\u53d6SQL\u6267\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.1 \u5b89\u88c5pymysql<\/code><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5pymysql<\/code>\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install pymysql<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2.2 \u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528pymysql<\/code>\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pymysql<\/p>\n
\u5efa\u7acb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
connection = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='user', password='password', database='db_name')<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    # \u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM table_name")<\/p>\n
    rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
    # \u5904\u7406\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n
    for row in rows:<\/p>\n
        print(row)<\/p>\n
except pymysql.MySQLError as ex:<\/p>\n
    # \u83b7\u53d6\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n
    error_code = ex.args[0]<\/p>\n
    print(f"Error Code: {error_code}")<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    # \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
    cursor.close()<\/p>\n
    connection.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53SQL\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u6355\u83b7pymysql.MySQLError<\/code>\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528psycopg2<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6SQL\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
psycopg2<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aPython\u5e93\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0ePostgreSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38\u6765\u83b7\u53d6SQL\u6267\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.1 \u5b89\u88c5psycopg2<\/code><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5psycopg2<\/code>\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install psycopg2<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3.2 \u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528psycopg2<\/code>\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import psycopg2<\/p>\n
\u5efa\u7acb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
connection = psycopg2.connect(host='localhost', user='user', password='password', dbname='db_name')<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    # \u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM table_name")<\/p>\n
    rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
    # \u5904\u7406\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n
    for row in rows:<\/p>\n
        print(row)<\/p>\n
except psycopg2.DatabaseError as ex:<\/p>\n
    # \u83b7\u53d6\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/p>\n
    sqlstate = ex.pgcode<\/p>\n
    print(f"SQLSTATE: {sqlstate}")<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    # \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
    cursor.close()<\/p>\n
    connection.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53SQL\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u6355\u83b7psycopg2.DatabaseError<\/code>\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6SQL\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u89e3\u6790<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6355\u83b7\u4e0d\u540c\u5e93\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u6765\u83b7\u53d6SQL\u6267\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3SQL\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684SQL\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  • 08003<\/code>\uff1a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728<\/li>\n
  • 08006<\/code>\uff1a\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25<\/li>\n
  • 40001<\/code>\uff1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u56de\u6eda<\/li>\n
  • 42P01<\/code>\uff1a\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8868<\/li>\n
  • 23505<\/code>\uff1a\u552f\u4e00\u7ea6\u675f\u8fdd\u89c4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u6790\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5904\u7406SQL\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e94\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u6848\u4f8b\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u53d6SQL\u6267\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5c55\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528pyodbc<\/code>\u3001pymysql<\/code>\u548cpsycopg2<\/code>\u5206\u522b\u8fde\u63a5\u5230SQL Server\u3001MySQL\u548cPostgreSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    5.1 \u4f7f\u7528pyodbc<\/code>\u8fde\u63a5SQL Server<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    import pyodbc<\/p>\n
    def execute_sql_with_pyodbc():<\/p>\n
        connection = pyodbc.connect('DRIVER={SQL Server};SERVER=server_name;DATABASE=db_name;UID=user;PWD=password')<\/p>\n
        cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
        try:<\/p>\n
            cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM table_name")<\/p>\n
            rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
            for row in rows:<\/p>\n
                print(row)<\/p>\n
        except pyodbc.Error as ex:<\/p>\n
            sqlstate = ex.args[0]<\/p>\n
            print(f"SQLSTATE: {sqlstate}")<\/p>\n
        finally:<\/p>\n
            cursor.close()<\/p>\n
            connection.close()<\/p>\n
    execute_sql_with_pyodbc()<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    5.2 \u4f7f\u7528pymysql<\/code>\u8fde\u63a5MySQL<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    import pymysql<\/p>\n
    def execute_sql_with_pymysql():<\/p>\n
        connection = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='user', password='password', database='db_name')<\/p>\n
        cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
        try:<\/p>\n
            cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM table_name")<\/p>\n
            rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
            for row in rows:<\/p>\n
                print(row)<\/p>\n
        except pymysql.MySQLError as ex:<\/p>\n
            error_code = ex.args[0]<\/p>\n
            print(f"Error Code: {error_code}")<\/p>\n
        finally:<\/p>\n
            cursor.close()<\/p>\n
            connection.close()<\/p>\n
    execute_sql_with_pymysql()<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    5.3 \u4f7f\u7528psycopg2<\/code>\u8fde\u63a5PostgreSQL<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    import psycopg2<\/p>\n
    def execute_sql_with_psycopg2():<\/p>\n
        connection = psycopg2.connect(host='localhost', user='user', password='password', dbname='db_name')<\/p>\n
        cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
        try:<\/p>\n
            cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM table_name")<\/p>\n
            rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
            for row in rows:<\/p>\n
                print(row)<\/p>\n
        except psycopg2.DatabaseError as ex:<\/p>\n
            sqlstate = ex.pgcode<\/p>\n
            print(f"SQLSTATE: {sqlstate}")<\/p>\n
        finally:<\/p>\n
            cursor.close()<\/p>\n
            connection.close()<\/p>\n
    execute_sql_with_psycopg2()<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5b9e\u8df5\u6848\u4f8b\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u770b\u5230\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684Python\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6SQL\u6267\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u603b\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528pyodbc<\/code>\u3001pymysql<\/code>\u548cpsycopg2<\/code>\u7b49\u5e93\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6SQL\u6267\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
     \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff1f<\/strong>
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