{"id":1114018,"date":"2025-01-08T17:53:18","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T09:53:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1114018.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T17:53:20","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T09:53:20","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%bf%9b%e5%88%b0%e6%8c%87%e5%ae%9a%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1114018.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5e93"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\"<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fde\u63a5\u5e76\u8bbf\u95ee\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong>
\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fde\u63a5\u5e76\u8bbf\u95ee\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5305\u62ecMySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u3001SQLite\u3001MongoDB\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5e93\uff08\u5982mysql-connector-python<\/code>\u3001psycopg2<\/code>\u3001sqlite3<\/code>\u7b49\uff09\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u5229\u7528SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u6216ORM\uff08\u5982SQLAlchemy\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u9996\u5148\u8981\u505a\u7684<\/strong>\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u7684Python\u5e93\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982MySQL\u4f7f\u7528mysql-connector-python<\/code>\uff0cPostgreSQL\u4f7f\u7528psycopg2<\/code>\uff0cSQLite\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684sqlite3<\/code>\u5e93\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u9002\u5408\u4f60\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5e93\u662f\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528MySQL\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u5b89\u88c5\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5mysql-connector-python<\/code>\u5e93\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install mysql-connector-python<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u521b\u5efa\u8fde\u63a5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import mysql.connector<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cnx = mysql.connector.connect(<\/p>\n
    user='yourusername', <\/p>\n
    password='yourpassword',<\/p>\n
    host='yourhost',<\/p>\n
    database='yourdatabase'<\/p>\n
)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor = cnx.cursor()<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM yourtable")<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
for row in rows:<\/p>\n
    print(row)<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u6e38\u6807\u548c\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor.close()<\/p>\n
cnx.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff1auser<\/code>\uff08\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff09\u3001password<\/code>\uff08\u5bc6\u7801\uff09\u3001host<\/code>\uff08\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\uff09\u548cdatabase<\/code>\uff08\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\uff09\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u6b63\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\u624d\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528PostgreSQL\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5b89\u88c5\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8ePostgreSQL\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528psycopg2<\/code>\u5e93\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u8be5\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install psycopg2<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u521b\u5efa\u8fde\u63a5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u8fde\u63a5\u5230PostgreSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import psycopg2<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn = psycopg2.connect(<\/p>\n
    dbname='yourdatabase', <\/p>\n
    user='yourusername', <\/p>\n
    password='yourpassword', <\/p>\n
    host='yourhost'<\/p>\n
)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cur = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cur.execute("SELECT * FROM yourtable")<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
rows = cur.fetchall()<\/p>\n
for row in rows:<\/p>\n
    print(row)<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u6e38\u6807\u548c\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cur.close()<\/p>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u63d0\u4f9b\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e0eMySQL\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9bdbname<\/code>\uff08\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\uff09\u3001user<\/code>\uff08\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff09\u3001password<\/code>\uff08\u5bc6\u7801\uff09\u548chost<\/code>\uff08\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\uff09\u7b49\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
SQLite\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u7f6e\u5e93\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn = sqlite3.connect('yourdatabase.db')<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cur = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cur.execute("SELECT * FROM yourtable")<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
rows = cur.fetchall()<\/p>\n
for row in rows:<\/p>\n
    print(row)<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u6e38\u6807\u548c\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cur.close()<\/p>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fde\u63a5SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528MongoDB\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5b89\u88c5\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8eMongoDB\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pymongo<\/code>\u5e93\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u8be5\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install pymongo<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u521b\u5efa\u8fde\u63a5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u8fde\u63a5\u5230MongoDB\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from pymongo import MongoClient<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
client = MongoClient('yourhost', yourport)<\/p>\n
\u9009\u62e9\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
db = client['yourdatabase']<\/p>\n
\u9009\u62e9\u96c6\u5408<\/strong><\/h2>\n
collection = db['yourcollection']<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong><\/h2>\n
documents = collection.find()<\/p>\n
for document in documents:<\/p>\n
    print(document)<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
client.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u63d0\u4f9b\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fde\u63a5MongoDB\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9bhost<\/code>\uff08\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\uff09\u548cport<\/code>\uff08\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u96c6\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5b89\u88c5\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
SQLAlchemy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684ORM\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u8be5\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install sqlalchemy<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u521b\u5efa\u8fde\u63a5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u521b\u5efa\u8fde\u63a5\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce<\/strong><\/h2>\n
engine = create_engine('mysql+mysqlconnector:\/\/yourusername:yourpassword@yourhost\/yourdatabase')<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)<\/p>\n
session = Session()<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong><\/h2>\n
result = session.execute("SELECT * FROM yourtable")<\/p>\n
for row in result:<\/p>\n
    print(row)<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/strong><\/h2>\n
session.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u63d0\u4f9b\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8fde\u63a5URL<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u5f15\u64ce\u65f6\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8fde\u63a5URL\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3adialect+driver:\/\/username:password@host\/database<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fde\u63a5\u5e76\u8bbf\u95ee\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662fMySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u3001SQLite\u8fd8\u662fMongoDB\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b89\u88c5\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5e93\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8f7b\u677e\u64cd\u4f5c\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e93\u6765\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982sqlite3<\/code>\u3001mysql-connector<\/code>\u3001psycopg2<\/code>\u7b49\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u6765\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2\uff1f<\/strong>
\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528\u6e38\u6807\u7684execute()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e76\u4f20\u5165SQL\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\u5982SELECT\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528fetchall()<\/code>\u6216fetchone()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u5173\u95ed\u6e38\u6807\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4ee5\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406Python\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff1f<\/strong>
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