{"id":1118632,"date":"2025-01-08T18:37:12","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T10:37:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1118632.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T18:37:14","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T10:37:14","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%b0%83%e7%94%a8%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e7%b1%bb%e5%9e%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1118632.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u3001\u4f7f\u7528MySQL\u3001\u4f7f\u7528PostgreSQL<\/strong>\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLite<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

SQLite\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0ePython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e00\u8d77\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u5bfc\u5165sqlite3\u6a21\u5757<\/strong> <\/li>\n
  2. \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c06\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\uff09<\/strong> <\/li>\n
  3. \u521b\u5efa\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ee5\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5<\/strong> <\/li>\n
  4. \u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong> <\/li>\n
  5. \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09<\/strong> <\/li>\n
  6. \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    import sqlite3<\/p>\n
    \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c06\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
    \u521b\u5efa\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    cur = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
    \u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    cur.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT, age INTEGER)''')<\/p>\n
    \u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    cur.execute("INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (?, ?)", ('Alice', 30))<\/p>\n
    \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    conn.commit()<\/p>\n
    \u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    cur.execute("SELECT * FROM users")<\/p>\n
    rows = cur.fetchall()<\/p>\n
    for row in rows:<\/p>\n
        print(row)<\/p>\n
    \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    conn.close()<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528MySQL<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u8981\u4f7f\u7528MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5MySQL Connector\/Python\u5e93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    pip install mysql-connector-python<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528MySQL\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u5bfc\u5165mysql.connector\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>  <\/li>\n
    2. \u8fde\u63a5\u5230MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong>  <\/li>\n
    3. \u521b\u5efa\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ee5\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5<\/strong>  <\/li>\n
    4. \u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>  <\/li>\n
    5. \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09<\/strong>  <\/li>\n
    6. \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      import mysql.connector<\/p>\n
      \u8fde\u63a5\u5230MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      conn = mysql.connector.connect(<\/p>\n
          host="localhost",<\/p>\n
          user="yourusername",<\/p>\n
          password="yourpassword",<\/p>\n
          database="yourdatabase"<\/p>\n
      )<\/p>\n
      \u521b\u5efa\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      cur = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
      \u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      cur.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(255), age INT)''')<\/p>\n
      \u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      cur.execute("INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (%s, %s)", ('Bob', 25))<\/p>\n
      \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      conn.commit()<\/p>\n
      \u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      cur.execute("SELECT * FROM users")<\/p>\n
      rows = cur.fetchall()<\/p>\n
      for row in rows:<\/p>\n
          print(row)<\/p>\n
      \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      conn.close()<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528PostgreSQL<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u8981\u4f7f\u7528PostgreSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5psycopg2\u5e93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      pip install psycopg2<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528PostgreSQL\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u5bfc\u5165psycopg2\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>  <\/li>\n
      2. \u8fde\u63a5\u5230PostgreSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong>  <\/li>\n
      3. \u521b\u5efa\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ee5\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5<\/strong>  <\/li>\n
      4. \u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>  <\/li>\n
      5. \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09<\/strong>  <\/li>\n
      6. \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        import psycopg2<\/p>\n
        \u8fde\u63a5\u5230PostgreSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
        conn = psycopg2.connect(<\/p>\n
            host="localhost",<\/p>\n
            database="yourdatabase",<\/p>\n
            user="yourusername",<\/p>\n
            password="yourpassword"<\/p>\n
        )<\/p>\n
        \u521b\u5efa\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
        cur = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
        \u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
        cur.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(255), age INT)''')<\/p>\n
        \u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
        cur.execute("INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (%s, %s)", ('Charlie', 35))<\/p>\n
        \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong><\/h2>\n
        conn.commit()<\/p>\n
        \u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
        cur.execute("SELECT * FROM users")<\/p>\n
        rows = cur.fetchall()<\/p>\n
        for row in rows:<\/p>\n
            print(row)<\/p>\n
        \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
        conn.close()<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528ORM\uff08\u5982SQLAlchemy\uff09<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        SQLAlchemy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\u7684ORM\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff09\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7c7b\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u6765\u6267\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \u5b89\u88c5SQLAlchemy\u5e93\uff1a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          pip install sqlalchemy<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u7c7b\uff1a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, String<\/p>\n
            from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base<\/p>\n
            from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker<\/p>\n
            Base = declarative_base()<\/p>\n
            class User(Base):<\/p>\n
                __tablename__ = 'users'<\/p>\n
                id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)<\/p>\n
                name = Column(String)<\/p>\n
                age = Column(Integer)<\/p>\n
            \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            engine = create_engine('sqlite:\/\/\/example.db')<\/p>\n
            \u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            Base.metadata.create_all(engine)<\/p>\n
            \u521b\u5efa\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)<\/p>\n
            session = Session()<\/p>\n
            \u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            new_user = User(name='David', age=40)<\/p>\n
            session.add(new_user)<\/p>\n
            session.commit()<\/p>\n
            \u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            users = session.query(User).all()<\/p>\n
            for user in users:<\/p>\n
                print(user.name, user.age)<\/p>\n
            \u5173\u95ed\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            session.close()<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u4e0eSQL<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            Pandas\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0eSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u4eceSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            1. \u5b89\u88c5Pandas\u5e93\uff1a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              pip install pandas<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                \n
              1. \u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
                import sqlite3<\/p>\n
                \u8fde\u63a5\u5230SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
                \u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5230DataFrame<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                df = pd.read_sql_query("SELECT * FROM users", conn)<\/p>\n
                print(df)<\/p>\n
                \u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                data = {'name': ['Eva', 'Frank'], 'age': [45, 50]}<\/p>\n
                new_df = pd.DataFrame(data)<\/p>\n
                new_df.to_sql('users', conn, if_exists='append', index=False)<\/p>\n
                \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                conn.close()<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                \u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u4e2d\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8c03\u7528\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u4f18\u70b9\u548c\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u5e93\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002SQLite\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u539f\u578b\u5f00\u53d1\uff0cMySQL\u548cPostgreSQL\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u5927\u578b\u5e94\u7528\uff0cSQLAlchemy\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684ORM\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0cPandas\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u80fd\u4e3a\u60a8\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1f<\/strong>
                \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5982SQLite\u3001MySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u7b49\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5bfc\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u5e93\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u51fd\u6570\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ee5\u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eSQLite\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684sqlite3\u6a21\u5757\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8eMySQL\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528mysql-connector-python\u6216PyMySQL\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n
                Python\u652f\u6301\u54ea\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff1f<\/strong>
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