{"id":1122386,"date":"2025-01-08T19:20:05","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T11:20:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1122386.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T19:20:08","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T11:20:08","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%ae%9a%e4%b9%89%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e7%a9%ba%e7%9a%84%e9%9b%86%e5%90%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1122386.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684\u96c6\u5408"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684\u96c6\u5408\"<\/p>\n

Python\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528set()\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528set()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7a7a\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3001\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528{}\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7a7a\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7a7a\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528{}\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528set()\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u96c6\u5408\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528set()\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u7a7a\u7684\u96c6\u5408<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u96c6\u5408\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u5e8f\u4e14\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684set()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

empty_set = set()<\/p>\n
print(empty_set)  # \u8f93\u51fa: set()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528{}\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7a7a\u7684\u96c6\u5408<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528{}<\/code>\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u96c6\u5408\u662f\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c{1, 2, 3}<\/code>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528{}<\/code>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\u65f6\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a{}<\/code>\u5728Python\u4e2d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u5b57\u5178\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
empty_dict = {}<\/p>\n
print(type(empty_dict))  # \u8f93\u51fa: <class 'dict'><\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528set()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5411\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528add()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5411\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u96c6\u5408\u662f\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
empty_set = set()<\/p>\n
empty_set.add(1)<\/p>\n
empty_set.add(2)<\/p>\n
empty_set.add(3)<\/p>\n
print(empty_set)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {1, 2, 3}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u96c6\u5408\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
empty_set.add(3)<\/p>\n
print(empty_set)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {1, 2, 3}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86add()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u96c6\u5408\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u5e76\u96c6\u3001\u4ea4\u96c6\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528remove()<\/code>\u6216discard()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5220\u9664\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\u3002remove()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1KeyError<\/code>\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u800cdiscard()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
empty_set.remove(2)<\/p>\n
print(empty_set)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {1, 3}<\/p>\n
empty_set.discard(3)<\/p>\n
print(empty_set)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {1}<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0cremove()\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u5f02\u5e38<\/strong><\/h2>\n
empty_set.remove(4)  # KeyError: 4<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0cdiscard()\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u5f02\u5e38<\/strong><\/h2>\n
empty_set.discard(4)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u5e76\u96c6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528union()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216|<\/code>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e24\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u5e76\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
set_a = {1, 2, 3}<\/p>\n
set_b = {3, 4, 5}<\/p>\n
union_set = set_a.union(set_b)<\/p>\n
print(union_set)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528|\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26<\/strong><\/h2>\n
union_set = set_a | set_b<\/p>\n
print(union_set)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u4ea4\u96c6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528intersection()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216&<\/code>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e24\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u4ea4\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
intersection_set = set_a.intersection(set_b)<\/p>\n
print(intersection_set)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {3}<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528&\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26<\/strong><\/h2>\n
intersection_set = set_a & set_b<\/p>\n
print(intersection_set)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {3}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u5dee\u96c6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528difference()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216-<\/code>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e24\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u5dee\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
difference_set = set_a.difference(set_b)<\/p>\n
print(difference_set)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {1, 2}<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528-\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26<\/strong><\/h2>\n
difference_set = set_a - set_b<\/p>\n
print(difference_set)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {1, 2}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u5dee\u96c6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528symmetric_difference()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216^<\/code>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e24\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u5dee\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
symmetric_difference_set = set_a.symmetric_difference(set_b)<\/p>\n
print(symmetric_difference_set)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {1, 2, 4, 5}<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528^\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26<\/strong><\/h2>\n
symmetric_difference_set = set_a ^ set_b<\/p>\n
print(symmetric_difference_set)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {1, 2, 4, 5}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u904d\u5386<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528for<\/code>\u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u96c6\u5408\u662f\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u904d\u5386\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
for element in set_a:<\/p>\n
    print(element)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4f7f\u7528set()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6df7\u6dc6\u7a7a\u5b57\u5178\u4e0e\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e76\u96c6\u3001\u4ea4\u96c6\u3001\u5dee\u96c6\u548c\u5bf9\u79f0\u5dee\u96c6\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f7f\u5f97\u96c6\u5408\u5728\u5904\u7406\u65e0\u5e8f\u4e14\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cPython\u4e2d\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u6210\u5458\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u96c6\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u8d8a\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u4f7f\u7528Python\u96c6\u5408\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u5b9e\u9645\u7f16\u7a0b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528set()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u96c6\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7{}<\/code>\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u4f7f\u7528set()<\/code>\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cempty_set = set()<\/code>\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\u4e0e\u7a7a\u5217\u8868\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff1f<\/strong>
\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\u548c\u7a7a\u5217\u8868\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528set()<\/code>\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u7a7a\u5217\u8868\u5219\u662f\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528[]<\/code>\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u65e0\u6cd5\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5411\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\uff1f<\/strong>
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528add()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5411\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408empty_set<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7empty_set.add(1)<\/code>\u5c06\u6570\u5b571\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u3002\u6dfb\u52a0\u591a\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528update()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u68c0\u67e5\u96c6\u5408\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff1f<\/strong>
\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528len()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u96c6\u5408\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a0\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cif len(empty_set) == 0:<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5224\u65adempty_set<\/code>\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528if not empty_set:<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u96c6\u5408\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528set()\u51fd\u6570\u3002 \u4f7f\u7528set()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7a7a\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3001\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528{}\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1122396,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1122386"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1122386"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1122386\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1122397,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1122386\/revisions\/1122397"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1122396"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1122386"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1122386"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1122386"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}