{"id":1123578,"date":"2025-01-08T19:33:41","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T11:33:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1123578.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T19:33:44","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T11:33:44","slug":"python%e8%87%aa%e5%ae%9a%e4%b9%89%e7%b1%bb%e9%87%8c%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%ae%9a%e4%b9%89%e5%8f%98%e9%87%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1123578.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u91cc\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u91cc\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u3002\u8be6\u7ec6\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u3001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/strong> \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u65f6\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u7c7b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5185\u90e8\u3001\u6240\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5916\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

class MyClass:<\/p>\n
    class_variable = 'I am a class variable'<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, instance_variable):<\/p>\n
        self.instance_variable = instance_variable<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cfclass_variable<\/code>\u5728\u7c7b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5__init__<\/code>\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b9e\u4f8b\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class MyClass:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, instance_variable):<\/p>\n
        self.instance_variable = instance_variable<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cinstance_variable<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7__init__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/strong> \u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/strong> \u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u526f\u672c\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u4ed6\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u56db\u3001\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u7c7b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    class Employee:<\/p>\n
        company_name = "Tech Corp"<\/p>\n
        employee_count = 0<\/p>\n
        def __init__(self, name):<\/p>\n
            self.name = name<\/p>\n
            Employee.employee_count += 1<\/p>\n
    employee1 = Employee("John")<\/p>\n
    employee2 = Employee("Jane")<\/p>\n
    print(Employee.employee_count)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 2<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0ccompany_name<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6240\u6709Employee<\/code>\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u800cemployee_count<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8ddf\u8e2a\u521b\u5efa\u7684Employee<\/code>\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e94\u3001\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    class Employee:<\/p>\n
        def __init__(self, name, age):<\/p>\n
            self.name = name<\/p>\n
            self.age = age<\/p>\n
    employee1 = Employee("John", 30)<\/p>\n
    employee2 = Employee("Jane", 25)<\/p>\n
    print(employee1.name)  # \u8f93\u51fa: John<\/p>\n
    print(employee2.name)  # \u8f93\u51fa: Jane<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cname<\/code>\u548cage<\/code>\u662f\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2aEmployee<\/code>\u5b9e\u4f8b\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u7acb\u7684name<\/code>\u548cage<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u516d\u3001\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u9664\u4e86\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5916\uff0cPython\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528@classmethod<\/code>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u7c7b\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u547d\u540d\u4e3acls<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    class MyClass:<\/p>\n
        class_variable = 'I am a class variable'<\/p>\n
        @classmethod<\/p>\n
        def class_method(cls):<\/p>\n
            return cls.class_variable<\/p>\n
    print(MyClass.class_method())  # \u8f93\u51fa: I am a class variable<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528@staticmethod<\/code>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    class MyClass:<\/p>\n
        @staticmethod<\/p>\n
        def static_method():<\/p>\n
            return 'I am a static method'<\/p>\n
    print(MyClass.static_method())  # \u8f93\u51fa: I am a static method<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e03\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728Python\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong>\u5728\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5185\u90e8\u3001\u6240\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5916\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong>\u5728\u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5__init__<\/code>\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u72ec\u7acb\u62e5\u6709\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u5065\u58ee\u7684Python\u7c7b\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7c7b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
     \u5728\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u5728\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5728__init__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4f7f\u7528self<\/code>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5173\u8054\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff1a  <\/p>\n
    class MyClass:\n    def __init__(self, value):\n        self.my_variable = value\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5728\u7c7b\u7ea7\u522b\u4e0a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5171\u4eab\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u7c7b\u4f53\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7528\u9014\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5e38\u91cf\u6216\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a  <\/p>\n
    class MyClass:\n    class_variable = 0\n\n    def __init__(self):\n        MyClass.class_variable += 1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cclass_variable<\/code>\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u800c\u9012\u589e\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5982\u4f55\u5728\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u5982\u679c\u672a\u4f20\u5165\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a  <\/p>\n
    class MyClass:\n    def __init__(self, value=10):\n        self.my_variable = value\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u521b\u5efaMyClass<\/code>\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9bvalue<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\uff0cmy_variable<\/code>\u5c06\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a10\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u72ec\u6709 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1123589,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1123578"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1123578"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1123578\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1123594,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1123578\/revisions\/1123594"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1123589"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1123578"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1123578"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1123578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}