{"id":1123613,"date":"2025-01-08T19:33:59","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T11:33:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1123613.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T19:34:01","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T11:34:01","slug":"%e5%9c%a8python%e4%b8%ad%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%b1%82%e5%ad%97%e5%85%b8%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%80%bc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1123613.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5728python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u6c42\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u503c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5728python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u6c42\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c42\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbf\u95ee\u952e\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fed\u4ee3\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/strong> \u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u952e\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u4f7f\u7528get()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528values()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u8fed\u4ee3\u5b57\u5178\u7b49\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u952e\u8bbf\u95ee<\/strong>\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7b80\u6d01\u660e\u4e86\u4e14\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u952e\u8bbf\u95ee<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u952e\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u548c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u952e\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

my_dict = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25, 'city': 'New York'}<\/p>\n
name = my_dict['name']<\/p>\n
print(name)  # \u8f93\u51fa: Alice<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u4f46\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u5982\u679c\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1KeyError<\/code>\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u8ba4\u952e\u4e00\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u8005\u63d0\u524d\u505a\u597d\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528get()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
get()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u503c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u5373\u4f7f\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aNone<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
age = my_dict.get('age')<\/p>\n
print(age)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 25<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd4\u56deNone<\/strong><\/h2>\n
middle_name = my_dict.get('middle_name')<\/p>\n
print(middle_name)  # \u8f93\u51fa: None<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
middle_name = my_dict.get('middle_name', 'No Middle Name')<\/p>\n
print(middle_name)  # \u8f93\u51fa: No Middle Name<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u952e\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528values()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528values()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u503c\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08view object\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
values = my_dict.values()<\/p>\n
print(values)  # \u8f93\u51fa: dict_values(['Alice', 25, 'New York'])<\/p>\n
\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5217\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
values_list = list(values)<\/p>\n
print(values_list)  # \u8f93\u51fa: ['Alice', 25, 'New York']<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
values()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u6279\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u503c\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7edf\u8ba1\u6216\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u8fed\u4ee3\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u8fed\u4ee3\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u83b7\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u503c\u7684\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u952e\u548c\u503c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
for key in my_dict:<\/p>\n
    print(f"{key}: {my_dict[key]}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528items()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u540c\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6\u952e\u548c\u503c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
for key, value in my_dict.items():<\/p>\n
    print(f"{key}: {value}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u904d\u5386\u5b57\u5178\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u3001\u8f6c\u6362\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5b57\u5178\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\uff08dictionary comprehension\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u503c\u6216\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c\u5927\u4e8e20\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9<\/p>\n
filtered_dict = {k: v for k, v in my_dict.items() if isinstance(v, int) and v > 20}<\/p>\n
print(filtered_dict)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {'age': 25}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b57\u5178\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u7ed3\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u5178\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u5217\u8868\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u7b49\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5c06\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u5217\u8868\u4e2d<\/p>\n
values_list = [my_dict[key] for key in my_dict]<\/p>\n
print(values_list)  # \u8f93\u51fa: ['Alice', 25, 'New York']<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5c06\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\uff08\u53bb\u91cd\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n
values_set = {my_dict[key] for key in my_dict}<\/p>\n
print(values_set)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {'Alice', 25, 'New York'}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u3001\u53bb\u91cd\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5b57\u5178\u65f6\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528get()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u907f\u514dKeyError<\/code>\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528try<\/code>\/except<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    value = my_dict['unknown_key']<\/p>\n
except KeyError:<\/p>\n
    print("\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u5904\u7406")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5b57\u5178\u5728Python\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5217\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b57\u5178\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u5178\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u4fe1\u606f\u3001API\u5bc6\u94a5\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u5178\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5206\u7ec4\u7edf\u8ba1\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6620\u5c04\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u5178\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u4f60\u5728Python\u4e2d\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u80fd\u4e3a\u4f60\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u548c\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
     \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u952e\u7684\u503c\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u952e\u6765\u8f7b\u677e\u83b7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7[]<\/code>\u6216\u8005get()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u540d\u4e3amy_dict<\/code>\uff0c\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u952e'key1'<\/code>\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528my_dict['key1']<\/code>\u6216\u8005my_dict.get('key1')<\/code>\u3002\u4f7f\u7528get()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u597d\u5904\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56deNone<\/code>\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f15\u53d1\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528in<\/code>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u5b57\u5178\u7684values()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cvalue_to_check in my_dict.values()<\/code>\u5c06\u8fd4\u56deTrue<\/code>\u6216False<\/code>\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u503c\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b57\u5178\u503c\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5982\u4f55\u904d\u5386Python\u5b57\u5178\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u503c\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u904d\u5386\u5b57\u5178\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528for<\/code>\u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u5408values()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1afor value in my_dict.values(): print(value)<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u904d\u5386\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u503c\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c42\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbf\u95ee\u952e\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fed\u4ee3\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002 \u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u952e […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1123616,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1123613"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1123613"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1123613\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1123617,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1123613\/revisions\/1123617"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1123616"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1123613"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1123613"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1123613"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}