{"id":1129702,"date":"2025-01-08T20:31:54","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T12:31:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1129702.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T20:31:57","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T12:31:57","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%b1%95%e7%a4%ba%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e9%87%8c%e9%9d%a2%e7%9a%84%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1129702.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u5c55\u793a\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u5c55\u793a\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\"<\/p>\n

Python\u5728\u5c55\u793a\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5982Django\u3001Flask\u3001SQLAlchemy\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u5c55\u793a\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u7ba1\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/strong>\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528Python\u6765\u5c55\u793a\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Django\u548cSQLAlchemy\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Django\u5c55\u793a\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

1. Django\u6846\u67b6\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

Django\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u7ea7Python Web\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u7b80\u4fbf\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u5b83\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u7f6e\u7684ORM\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u3002Django\u5185\u7f6e\u7684Admin\u754c\u9762\u8ba9\u5c55\u793a\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u76f4\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2. \u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u914d\u7f6eDjango<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Django\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install django<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684Django\u9879\u76ee\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
django-admin startproject myproject<\/p>\n
cd myproject<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python manage.py startapp myapp<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728settings.py<\/code>\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cDjango\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
DATABASES = {<\/p>\n
    'default': {<\/p>\n
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',<\/p>\n
        'NAME': BASE_DIR \/ "db.sqlite3",<\/p>\n
    }<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5982PostgreSQL\u6216MySQL\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539ENGINE<\/code>\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4. \u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u578b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728myapp\/models.py<\/code>\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f60\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from django.db import models<\/p>\n
class Product(models.Model):<\/p>\n
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)<\/p>\n
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2)<\/p>\n
    description = models.TextField()<\/p>\n
    def __str__(self):<\/p>\n
        return self.name<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5. \u521b\u5efa\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u8fc1\u79fb<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fc1\u79fb\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python manage.py makemigrations<\/p>\n
python manage.py migrate<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
6. \u521b\u5efa\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bbf\u95eeDjango\u7684Admin\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python manage.py createsuperuser<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6309\u7167\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u90ae\u7bb1\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
7. \u6ce8\u518c\u6a21\u578b\u5230Admin\u754c\u9762<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728myapp\/admin.py<\/code>\u4e2d\u6ce8\u518c\u4f60\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from django.contrib import admin<\/p>\n
from .models import Product<\/p>\n
admin.site.register(Product)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
8. \u8fd0\u884c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e76\u8bbf\u95eeAdmin\u754c\u9762<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u5f00\u53d1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python manage.py runserver<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95eehttp:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/admin<\/code>\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u521a\u624d\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u3002\u4f60\u5c06\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u754c\u9762\u6765\u5c55\u793a\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u5c55\u793a\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1. SQLAlchemy\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
SQLAlchemy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aPython SQL\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\u5668\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u548c\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u5b89\u88c5SQLAlchemy<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5b89\u88c5SQLAlchemy\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install sqlalchemy<\/p>\n
pip install pymysql  # \u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684Python\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982app.py<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker<\/p>\n
DATABASE_URL = "mysql+pymysql:\/\/username:password@localhost\/dbname"<\/p>\n
engine = create_engine(DATABASE_URL)<\/p>\n
SessionLocal = sessionmaker(autocommit=False, autoflush=False, bind=engine)<\/p>\n
Base = declarative_base()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4. \u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u578b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f60\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, DECIMAL<\/p>\n
class Product(Base):<\/p>\n
    __tablename__ = 'products'<\/p>\n
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, index=True)<\/p>\n
    name = Column(String(100), index=True)<\/p>\n
    price = Column(DECIMAL(10, 2))<\/p>\n
    description = Column(String(200))<\/p>\n
    def __repr__(self):<\/p>\n
        return f"<Product(name={self.name}, price={self.price})>"<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5. \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Base.metadata.create_all(bind=engine)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
6. \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.orm import Session<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/strong><\/h2>\n
db = SessionLocal()<\/p>\n
\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
new_product = Product(name="Sample Product", price=19.99, description="This is a sample product.")<\/p>\n
db.add(new_product)<\/p>\n
db.commit()<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
products = db.query(Product).all()<\/p>\n
for product in products:<\/p>\n
    print(product)<\/p>\n
\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
product_to_update = db.query(Product).filter(Product.name == "Sample Product").first()<\/p>\n
product_to_update.price = 29.99<\/p>\n
db.commit()<\/p>\n
\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
product_to_delete = db.query(Product).filter(Product.name == "Sample Product").first()<\/p>\n
db.delete(product_to_delete)<\/p>\n
db.commit()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Flask\u5c55\u793a\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1. Flask\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Flask\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684Python Web\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u4e0eDjango\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cFlask\u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684ORM\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0eSQLAlchemy\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u914d\u7f6eFlask<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5Flask\u548cFlask-SQLAlchemy\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install flask<\/p>\n
pip install flask_sqlalchemy<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u914d\u7f6eFlask\u5e94\u7528<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684Flask\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982app.py<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from flask import Flask<\/p>\n
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy<\/p>\n
app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'mysql+pymysql:\/\/username:password@localhost\/dbname'<\/p>\n
db = SQLAlchemy(app)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4. \u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u578b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f60\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Product(db.Model):<\/p>\n
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)<\/p>\n
    name = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False)<\/p>\n
    price = db.Column(db.Numeric(10, 2), nullable=False)<\/p>\n
    description = db.Column(db.String(200), nullable=False)<\/p>\n
    def __repr__(self):<\/p>\n
        return f"<Product(name={self.name}, price={self.price})>"<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5. \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Flask shell\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
flask shell<\/p>\n
>>> from app import db<\/p>\n
>>> db.create_all()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
6. \u8def\u7531\u548c\u89c6\u56fe\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e9b\u8def\u7531\u548c\u89c6\u56fe\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5c55\u793a\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from flask import render_template, request, redirect, url_for<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/')<\/p>\n
def index():<\/p>\n
    products = Product.query.all()<\/p>\n
    return render_template('index.html', products=products)<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/add', methods=['POST'])<\/p>\n
def add_product():<\/p>\n
    name = request.form['name']<\/p>\n
    price = request.form['price']<\/p>\n
    description = request.form['description']<\/p>\n
    new_product = Product(name=name, price=price, description=description)<\/p>\n
    db.session.add(new_product)<\/p>\n
    db.session.commit()<\/p>\n
    return redirect(url_for('index'))<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/delete\/<int:id>')<\/p>\n
def delete_product(id):<\/p>\n
    product = Product.query.get(id)<\/p>\n
    db.session.delete(product)<\/p>\n
    db.session.commit()<\/p>\n
    return redirect(url_for('index'))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5c55\u793a\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002Django<\/strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u7f6e\u7684Admin\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\uff1bSQLAlchemy<\/strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1bFlask<\/strong>\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684Web\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0eSQLAlchemy\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u9879\u76ee\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5c55\u793a\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6211\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1f<\/strong>
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