{"id":1139884,"date":"2025-01-08T22:14:43","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T14:14:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1139884.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T22:14:45","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T14:14:45","slug":"python-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%b7%bb%e5%8a%a0%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e8%bf%9e%e6%8e%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1139884.html","title":{"rendered":"python \u5982\u4f55\u6dfb\u52a0\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python<\/p>\n

Python \u6dfb\u52a0\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u662f\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cMySQL \u4f7f\u7528 mysql-connector-python<\/code> \u6216 PyMySQL<\/code>\uff0cPostgreSQL \u4f7f\u7528 psycopg2<\/code>\uff0cSQLite \u4f7f\u7528 Python \u5185\u7f6e\u7684 sqlite3<\/code>\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9a71\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u6dfb\u52a0\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

MySQL<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

MySQL \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002Python \u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684 MySQL \u9a71\u52a8\u5305\u62ec mysql-connector-python<\/code> \u548c PyMySQL<\/code>\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u9a71\u52a8\u8fde\u63a5 MySQL \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528 mysql-connector-python<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 mysql-connector-python<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install mysql-connector-python<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u8fde\u63a5\u5230 MySQL \u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import mysql.connector<\/p>\n
def connect_to_mysql():<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        conn = mysql.connector.connect(<\/p>\n
            host='localhost',<\/p>\n
            user='yourusername',<\/p>\n
            password='yourpassword',<\/p>\n
            database='yourdatabase'<\/p>\n
        )<\/p>\n
        if conn.is_connected():<\/p>\n
            print('Connected to MySQL database')<\/p>\n
    except mysql.connector.Error as err:<\/p>\n
        print(f"Error: {err}")<\/p>\n
    finally:<\/p>\n
        if conn.is_connected():<\/p>\n
            conn.close()<\/p>\n
connect_to_mysql()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 PyMySQL<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 PyMySQL<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install pymysql<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u8fde\u63a5\u5230 MySQL \u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pymysql<\/p>\n
def connect_to_mysql():<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        conn = pymysql.connect(<\/p>\n
            host='localhost',<\/p>\n
            user='yourusername',<\/p>\n
            password='yourpassword',<\/p>\n
            database='yourdatabase'<\/p>\n
        )<\/p>\n
        print('Connected to MySQL database')<\/p>\n
    except pymysql.MySQLError as err:<\/p>\n
        print(f"Error: {err}")<\/p>\n
    finally:<\/p>\n
        conn.close()<\/p>\n
connect_to_mysql()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
PostgreSQL<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
PostgreSQL \u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002Python \u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684 PostgreSQL \u9a71\u52a8\u662f psycopg2<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 psycopg2<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 psycopg2<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install psycopg2-binary<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u8fde\u63a5\u5230 PostgreSQL \u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import psycopg2<\/p>\n
def connect_to_postgresql():<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        conn = psycopg2.connect(<\/p>\n
            host='localhost',<\/p>\n
            user='yourusername',<\/p>\n
            password='yourpassword',<\/p>\n
            dbname='yourdatabase'<\/p>\n
        )<\/p>\n
        print('Connected to PostgreSQL database')<\/p>\n
    except psycopg2.Error as err:<\/p>\n
        print(f"Error: {err}")<\/p>\n
    finally:<\/p>\n
        conn.close()<\/p>\n
connect_to_postgresql()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
SQLite<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
SQLite \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002Python \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u81ea\u5e26 sqlite3<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 sqlite3<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u8fde\u63a5\u5230 SQLite \u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
def connect_to_sqlite():<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        conn = sqlite3.connect('yourdatabase.db')<\/p>\n
        print('Connected to SQLite database')<\/p>\n
    except sqlite3.Error as err:<\/p>\n
        print(f"Error: {err}")<\/p>\n
    finally:<\/p>\n
        conn.close()<\/p>\n
connect_to_sqlite()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u6dfb\u52a0\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
MySQL<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e MySQL\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u62ec host<\/code>\u3001user<\/code>\u3001password<\/code> \u548c database<\/code>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6e port<\/code>\u3001charset<\/code> \u7b49\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
conn = mysql.connector.connect(<\/p>\n
    host='localhost',<\/p>\n
    user='yourusername',<\/p>\n
    password='yourpassword',<\/p>\n
    database='yourdatabase',<\/p>\n
    port=3306,<\/p>\n
    charset='utf8mb4'<\/p>\n
)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
PostgreSQL<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e PostgreSQL\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u62ec host<\/code>\u3001user<\/code>\u3001password<\/code> \u548c dbname<\/code>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6e port<\/code>\u3001sslmode<\/code> \u7b49\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
conn = psycopg2.connect(<\/p>\n
    host='localhost',<\/p>\n
    user='yourusername',<\/p>\n
    password='yourpassword',<\/p>\n
    dbname='yourdatabase',<\/p>\n
    port=5432,<\/p>\n
    sslmode='require'<\/p>\n
)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
SQLite<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e SQLite\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
conn = sqlite3.connect('yourdatabase.db')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u6267\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
MySQL<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
def query_mysql():<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        conn = mysql.connector.connect(<\/p>\n
            host='localhost',<\/p>\n
            user='yourusername',<\/p>\n
            password='yourpassword',<\/p>\n
            database='yourdatabase'<\/p>\n
        )<\/p>\n
        cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
        cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM yourtable")<\/p>\n
        rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
        for row in rows:<\/p>\n
            print(row)<\/p>\n
    except mysql.connector.Error as err:<\/p>\n
        print(f"Error: {err}")<\/p>\n
    finally:<\/p>\n
        cursor.close()<\/p>\n
        conn.close()<\/p>\n
query_mysql()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
def insert_mysql():<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        conn = mysql.connector.connect(<\/p>\n
            host='localhost',<\/p>\n
            user='yourusername',<\/p>\n
            password='yourpassword',<\/p>\n
            database='yourdatabase'<\/p>\n
        )<\/p>\n
        cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
        cursor.execute("INSERT INTO yourtable (column1, column2) VALUES (%s, %s)", ('value1', 'value2'))<\/p>\n
        conn.commit()<\/p>\n
    except mysql.connector.Error as err:<\/p>\n
        print(f"Error: {err}")<\/p>\n
    finally:<\/p>\n
        cursor.close()<\/p>\n
        conn.close()<\/p>\n
insert_mysql()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
PostgreSQL<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
def query_postgresql():<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        conn = psycopg2.connect(<\/p>\n
            host='localhost',<\/p>\n
            user='yourusername',<\/p>\n
            password='yourpassword',<\/p>\n
            dbname='yourdatabase'<\/p>\n
        )<\/p>\n
        cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
        cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM yourtable")<\/p>\n
        rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
        for row in rows:<\/p>\n
            print(row)<\/p>\n
    except psycopg2.Error as err:<\/p>\n
        print(f"Error: {err}")<\/p>\n
    finally:<\/p>\n
        cursor.close()<\/p>\n
        conn.close()<\/p>\n
query_postgresql()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
def insert_postgresql():<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        conn = psycopg2.connect(<\/p>\n
            host='localhost',<\/p>\n
            user='yourusername',<\/p>\n
            password='yourpassword',<\/p>\n
            dbname='yourdatabase'<\/p>\n
        )<\/p>\n
        cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
        cursor.execute("INSERT INTO yourtable (column1, column2) VALUES (%s, %s)", ('value1', 'value2'))<\/p>\n
        conn.commit()<\/p>\n
    except psycopg2.Error as err:<\/p>\n
        print(f"Error: {err}")<\/p>\n
    finally:<\/p>\n
        cursor.close()<\/p>\n
        conn.close()<\/p>\n
insert_postgresql()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
SQLite<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
def query_sqlite():<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        conn = sqlite3.connect('yourdatabase.db')<\/p>\n
        cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
        cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM yourtable")<\/p>\n
        rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
        for row in rows:<\/p>\n
            print(row)<\/p>\n
    except sqlite3.Error as err:<\/p>\n
        print(f"Error: {err}")<\/p>\n
    finally:<\/p>\n
        cursor.close()<\/p>\n
        conn.close()<\/p>\n
query_sqlite()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
def insert_sqlite():<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        conn = sqlite3.connect('yourdatabase.db')<\/p>\n
        cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
        cursor.execute("INSERT INTO yourtable (column1, column2) VALUES (?, ?)", ('value1', 'value2'))<\/p>\n
        conn.commit()<\/p>\n
    except sqlite3.Error as err:<\/p>\n
        print(f"Error: {err}")<\/p>\n
    finally:<\/p>\n
        cursor.close()<\/p>\n
        conn.close()<\/p>\n
insert_sqlite()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u6f0f\u548c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6267\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5982\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u7b49\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 try-except<\/code> \u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    conn = mysql.connector.connect(<\/p>\n
        host='localhost',<\/p>\n
        user='yourusername',<\/p>\n
        password='yourpassword',<\/p>\n
        database='yourdatabase'<\/p>\n
    )<\/p>\n
    cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM yourtable")<\/p>\n
    rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
    for row in rows:<\/p>\n
        print(row)<\/p>\n
except mysql.connector.Error as err:<\/p>\n
    print(f"Error: {err}")<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    cursor.close()<\/p>\n
    conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\uff0c\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u5e76\u907f\u514d\u8fde\u63a5\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    cursor.close()<\/p>\n
    conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 ORM \u6846\u67b6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 ORM\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff09\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5982 SQLAlchemy\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
SQLAlchemy<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 SQLAlchemy\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install sqlalchemy<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, String, Sequence<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker<\/p>\n
Base = declarative_base()<\/p>\n
class User(Base):<\/p>\n
    __tablename__ = 'users'<\/p>\n
    id = Column(Integer, Sequence('user_id_seq'), primary_key=True)<\/p>\n
    name = Column(String(50))<\/p>\n
    fullname = Column(String(50))<\/p>\n
    nickname = Column(String(50))<\/p>\n
engine = create_engine('sqlite:\/\/\/example.db')<\/p>\n
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)<\/p>\n
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)<\/p>\n
session = Session()<\/p>\n
new_user = User(name='John', fullname='John Doe', nickname='johnny')<\/p>\n
session.add(new_user)<\/p>\n
session.commit()<\/p>\n
for instance in session.query(User).order_by(User.id):<\/p>\n
    print(instance.name, instance.fullname)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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